tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-45674664464354200702024-03-13T17:37:22.364-04:00iSiyasah.comiSiyasah: "Taking care of the affairs of the Ummah by working to intellectually and politically revive the Muslim mind.
iSiyasahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00683488599787661163noreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-66465512156597420742022-04-10T14:50:00.011-04:002022-04-10T15:14:30.349-04:00Understanding How & Why Imran Khan was Removed from Power<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pakistan,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;">Imran Khan,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;">PTI,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and his Removal from Power</span></span></h1><p>Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan was ousted from office in a no-confidence vote in parliament in the early hours of Sunday 10th of April 2022 after three years and seven months in power. </p><p>How and Why did this occur? What lessons does this give to observers of events in this area?</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Pakistan is a nation of more than 220 million people lies between Afghanistan to the west, China to the northeast and India to the east, making it of vital strategic importance.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Since coming to power in 2018, Imran Khan and his government were governing from a very narrow majority. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">How Did this Come About?</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz24wAiKXh58k5hJb-zWkhaLHo2Xza0hSUOayFapat0tDAIIuIt2FXdSXOi4h08pSGrWAm4ePfi_Bl7_VARogPu8AiSGdQNVLvcivmWAwOP5Zsd0eIcpyMeBMa5K6pQmhQLY9f6Opcwk9FH0nd6Gs4pdk0JOXaJkNXCfsWHQ5VHck8mapMdRIXs5U0/s720/Imran%20Khan%20&%20Army.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="720" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz24wAiKXh58k5hJb-zWkhaLHo2Xza0hSUOayFapat0tDAIIuIt2FXdSXOi4h08pSGrWAm4ePfi_Bl7_VARogPu8AiSGdQNVLvcivmWAwOP5Zsd0eIcpyMeBMa5K6pQmhQLY9f6Opcwk9FH0nd6Gs4pdk0JOXaJkNXCfsWHQ5VHck8mapMdRIXs5U0/s320/Imran%20Khan%20&%20Army.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><p>1. Fundamentally it was the Pakistani military that created Imran Khan, PTI, and helped <a href="http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/pak-army-wants-imran-as-next-pm/" target="_blank">bring Imran Khan to power</a>. This was best described by a reporter from the <i>Asia Times</i>, Syed Saleem Shahzad (who <a href="https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2011/05/pakistani_journalist_executed.php" target="_blank">was later killed</a>) <a href="http://www.pakpassion.net/ppforum/archive/index.php/t-126573.html" target="_blank">here</a>:</p></span></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXES7Ycco3FBP-AJ1W-A3MIzGgc5ARZxgVzNp0Gr_VYWk0Yhy8VFd6J9ePkCA0RnvYsRqRwLdU2liDzJOE0vcPJ3j8Yulm6y999DP8mbeNwi-EtNIontObYEnJQTqPnOq9mRyOKtBOlljWk78UWUajuTBMx5nM3929wV2WzWjWo4bVGXsukKfHK571/s798/ImranKhanISIAsset.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="798" data-original-width="512" height="617" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXES7Ycco3FBP-AJ1W-A3MIzGgc5ARZxgVzNp0Gr_VYWk0Yhy8VFd6J9ePkCA0RnvYsRqRwLdU2liDzJOE0vcPJ3j8Yulm6y999DP8mbeNwi-EtNIontObYEnJQTqPnOq9mRyOKtBOlljWk78UWUajuTBMx5nM3929wV2WzWjWo4bVGXsukKfHK571/w395-h617/ImranKhanISIAsset.jpg" width="395" /></a></div><div><br /></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">2. Contrary to popular myth, Imran Khan did </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">not </b><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">come to change the system but to recycle old Musharraf types aka "electables" that helped him get to power. He himself admitted as much in an interview here:</span><br /><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPJE3UaDdeGhOfowc7xDtR_H8r2YyBwS0VRPoRakN7gSkTsjxMSLOS0FMe6RFK3KwbEssa9KPF5Z2k6whjv1SWsD3CGyPCjJhnUMwJXno7MTSogzO1k3sQSh45w1CyuMmwpGoQj9Z-yu3sf8PfRyS-GzzVSDcqpy_UavDGLiKA6t7nhYBvTy0ZGiPV/s960/NewBossOldBoss.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="907" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPJE3UaDdeGhOfowc7xDtR_H8r2YyBwS0VRPoRakN7gSkTsjxMSLOS0FMe6RFK3KwbEssa9KPF5Z2k6whjv1SWsD3CGyPCjJhnUMwJXno7MTSogzO1k3sQSh45w1CyuMmwpGoQj9Z-yu3sf8PfRyS-GzzVSDcqpy_UavDGLiKA6t7nhYBvTy0ZGiPV/s320/NewBossOldBoss.jpg" width="302" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Meet the new Boss, Same as the Old Boss</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><blockquote><span style="font-size: 15px;">“</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>You contest elections to win. You don’t contest elections to be a good boy. I want to win. I am fighting elections in Pakistan, not Europe. I can’t import European politicians</i>,” </span></blockquote></span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Source: <a href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1418060?fbclid=IwAR26emGI2ZkCYcOVzlcQGmMqvNyVGoMoqpcMZQL3RR_L-FJhjeLinzLJOeo" target="_blank">Dawn, 5th July 2018</a> </span></div><div dir="auto"><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">3. Imran Khan's support base is mainly the Pakistani middle class, whereas the other parties (PPP/Bhuttos and PML/Sharifs) cater to rural or industrial sectors of the economy, put another way:</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">"</span><i><span>The PTI, much like the PPP, is a child of social change. According to Philip E Jones, author of The Pakistan People’s Party: Rise to Power, the “rise of the PPP should be seen contextually in the emergence of ‘participant society’ in Punjab. The growth of cities, rural to urban migration, rural population growth and economic stress in traditional villages, the spread of literacy, the growing complexity of society and the economy, the emergence of new social and economic interest groups, the impact of the September War with India in 1965, were all forces that affected political and social identities, undermined parochial ties, and forged new loyalties to a political party, namely PPP.”</span></i></span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>While the PPP has its roots in the age of socialism, the PTI was born in the lap of the new liberal capitalism; while ideologies ruled the 1960s and the 1970s, identity politics is the fuel of politics in the 2000s. The growth in the economy has created new wealth and widened the base of the well-off urban middle class. These sections of society want to assert themselves in the power arena and want a better deal for themselves.</i></span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>The PTI also became the most powerful front for the inter-elite struggle that started with the founding of the country. Pakistan’s power salariat, whose members belong to the middle class at least until they retire, has always sought to upstage the traditional political elite.</i></span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span>Many of Khan’s colleagues, like Khan himself, are children of government servants who, through their hard work, dedication and ambition, made it possible for their children to become businessmen and politicians. The growth in the middle class and the power of ultra-rich crony capitalists had made it possible to finally challenge the political elite to the duel as envisaged by General Gul</span></i><span>.</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">"</span></span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">also...</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">"</span><i>While external factors might be important for electoral victories, Khan’s charisma played a pivotal role in the PTI’s rise in politics. His charisma is based on his physical appeal and his sports achievements, tied to his physical attraction. Other factors, such as his contribution to philanthropy in the form of the Shaukat Khanum Hospital, and his reputation as an honest and upright person, also help.</i></span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>Interestingly, the generation that hailed Khan as a cricketing hero did not vote for him. It was the generation that was born AFTER his World Cup win who found a great political messiah in him</i><span style="font-size: 15px;">."</span></span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Source: <a href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1684309?fbclid=IwAR2inAghT0hxFCTwVq7eWxCd2rnFS0_4NiHGZkXnck2UKQ6HNWZ7r3owt0k" target="_blank">Dawn, 10th April 2022</a> </span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">4. Imran's removal has very little to do with just his trip to Russia, (India also openly supports Russia but there has been no change in power there) see <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUHdQEzOa3A" target="_blank">here</a> for evidence.</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Rather, Imran's removal from power had everything to do with maintaining the Pakistani military's interests in economics, foreign affairs, and its own internal affairs, all of which Imran was putting in jeapardy (see below).</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhab6N17Hl7KjCzvsLVHhKHJgRL5vxuGsEhH_ATGZ0bV_L8uAx7ejaAZZm30rGZum_WUh-RpwWh-lGU10DggJoLKhD19KopgOX2C-V-9tyOlrfXmRGaB65nLgzjFbzOtl6FDdDmBDIPXNMiNhphq9F_EtAgoAv0B61mdna6fZRtQS2Ew0wRHPJbxlPc/s848/Unity%20of%20chicken%20and%20roach.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="848" data-original-width="598" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhab6N17Hl7KjCzvsLVHhKHJgRL5vxuGsEhH_ATGZ0bV_L8uAx7ejaAZZm30rGZum_WUh-RpwWh-lGU10DggJoLKhD19KopgOX2C-V-9tyOlrfXmRGaB65nLgzjFbzOtl6FDdDmBDIPXNMiNhphq9F_EtAgoAv0B61mdna6fZRtQS2Ew0wRHPJbxlPc/w272-h384/Unity%20of%20chicken%20and%20roach.jpg" width="272" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Why working within the system never works</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">5. What Imran's failure (along with Morsi and <i>Ikhwan ul Muslimoon</i>'s failure in Egypt) should cause sincere Muslims to reflect upon is the fact that "Islamic gradualism" is NOT very Islamic nor a method of political change recognized within the Sunnah of Islam. More on that is outlined by brother Abdullah Andalusi <a href="https://abdullahalandalusi.com/2013/07/06/the-failure-of-islamic-gradualism/?fbclid=IwAR26emGI2ZkCYcOVzlcQGmMqvNyVGoMoqpcMZQL3RR_L-FJhjeLinzLJOeo" target="_blank">here</a>. </span></div><div dir="auto"><br /></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lastly, video posted <a href="https://www.facebook.com/laalislaal/videos/424601059332672/?__cft__[0]=AZV9B9i0tTufW0CB1PbHr1uM_8HWJOTwj7psNYtyNq6-qgHeGY6Mdyzngya_EkNo-8lJrig-bWSpxixClhpqvgdQy9DJtme3iFwVdZvw9PNvSEMVmy4445r2DtOB1Eec_nh3XhjxPUklP7WaeLgxnHLMjI9JdpB0CLm-hp4I0rLVQg&__tn__=R]-R" target="_blank">here</a> in Urdu with subtitles gives a very good account of the forces at work within Pakistan and how/why the removal from power was done</span></div></div>Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-63501117189207871342022-02-27T14:19:00.013-05:002022-03-20T17:23:57.038-04:00An Analysis on Ukraine/Russia<div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><h3 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: left;">1) Why is Russia Doing this?</h3><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Russian invasion of Ukraine has very little to do with Ukraine's ties to NATO (it wasn't allowed in despite years of trying) nor due to Western "provocation" (well refuted <a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/vladimir-putins-own-minions-in-moscow-have-exposed-him-for-the-liar-he-is?fbclid=IwAR2x2zkYrMY1bes8TFNxvNfD-ddMIgR-jGy1mlV1gtCQT-VOwOfDtH44BSk" target="_blank">here</a>), rather as Putin himself has said numerous times, a desire to <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26769481" target="_blank">recreate the Soviet Union</a>, this time as a Russian nationalist project as opposed to an <a href="https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195390049.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195390049-e-12#:~:text=Religion%20was%20to%20be%20substituted,control%20the%20supply%20of%20religion." target="_blank">atheistic,</a><a href="https://www.history.com/news/joseph-stalin-religion-atheism-ussr" target="_blank"> ideologically communist </a>one. To that end, Putin is playing up his role as a savior of all Slavs both in and around the region.</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">To understand why Russia wants to restore Soviet era borders please watch this excellent video on this topic:</span></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="366" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zwzliJF0-SI" width="441" youtube-src-id="zwzliJF0-SI"></iframe></div><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">As the video clearly states, Ukraine (along with Moldova and Belarus) becomes part of a security zone for Russian central plains (where 80% of Russians actually live). Carpathian mountains, Crimea and Kalingrad are choke points.</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span><a name='more'></a></span><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><h3 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: left;">2. What is likely outcome from all this?</h3><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">This action in Ukraine, will likely be followed by stepped up action against Muslims in Bosnia and Kosovo (with <a href="https://inews.co.uk/news/world/how-russia-is-promoting-war-in-balkans-as-putin-claims-ukraine-is-using-mercenaries-1473845" target="_blank">Russian support for fellow Slavs in Serbia</a>, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kosovo-president-accuses-russia-destabilising-balkans-2022-02-17/" target="_blank">especially against Kosovo</a>), further bombings of Muslims in Syria, as well as further aggression against Muslim republics -- Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhistan, Krgyzistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, and Chechnya. Putin has been allowed to reassert his influence in these areas as the US/West have outsourced these to him, by deliberately saying little and doing nothing. </span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">In each case, a pretext was manufactured (<a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2012/11/22/finally-we-know-about-moscow-bombings/" target="_blank">apartment bombings in Moscow for Chechnya</a>, overthrow of former Russian backed dictators in Central Asia, <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/1/16/a-coup-a-counter-coup-and-a-russian-victory-in-kazakhstan" target="_blank">most recently in Kazakhistan</a>, or [in case of Syria, <a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/assad-henchman-heres-how-we-built-isis" target="_blank">Assad-backed ISIS</a>],) to justify Russian intervention. This intervention then creates "new facts" or "political realities" on the ground which everyone is told to accept.</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">If the world was ever really serious about stopping Russian aggression they would have *first* stopped Russian acts by stopping:</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"> * Russian invasion of Chechnya in the late 1990s</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"> * <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/3/16/annexation-of-crimea-a-masterclass-in-political-manipulation" target="_blank">Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014</a></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"> * <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/13/world/middleeast/russia-bombing-syrian-hospitals.html" target="_blank">Russian bombings in Syria</a> starting in 2015</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"> * Use of Russian Wagner Group mercenaries in <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58009514" target="_blank">Libya </a>and <a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/wagner-group-accused-of-killing-70-at-mine-in-aigbado-central-african-republic" target="_blank">Central Africa </a>starting in 2016.</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The fact that nothing is done aside from rhetoric, openly signals to Putin/Russia to keep going.</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><h3 style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></h3><h3 style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. Hypocrisy of media along with *both* Left and Right</h3><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In addition to the above, there is the overwhelming media racism, much of it said quite openly, some examples include:</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></div><div dir="auto"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">a) </span><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://twitter.com/AlanRMacLeod/status/1497974245737050120</span></span></div><div dir="auto"><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div dir="auto"><i style="color: #0f1419; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“It’s very emotional for me because I see European people with blue eyes and blonde hair being killed” </span></i></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face="TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419;"><i><span style="font-size: medium;">- Ukraine’s Deputy Chief Prosecutor, David Sakvarelidze</span></i></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face="TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419;"><i><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></i></span></div><div dir="auto"><span face="TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419; white-space: pre-wrap;">b)<i> </i></span><span face="TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">https://twitter.com/AlanRMacLeod/status/1497974911566061571</span></span></div><div dir="auto" style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face="TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419;"><i><br /></i></span></div><div dir="auto" style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face="TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419;"><i><span style="font-size: medium;">"This isn't Iraq or Afghanistan...This is a relatively civilized, relatively European city" </span></i></span></div><div dir="auto" style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face="TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419;"><i><span style="font-size: medium;">- CBS foreign correspondent Charlie D’Agata.</span></i></span></div><div dir="auto" style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face="TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419;"><i><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></i></span></div><div dir="auto" style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face="TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419;"><i><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXJwx71LC-dnKWsg2Egb2a0jj-ikRAsQIdOrz0oqW1idLeMGAREfaZGuf6ITCEuaha-sXo1JfBGhaHgYFah0895JIFjt0DOvlHb43XvEMLGsYoP1kpt4JwyvZvYQX9H2DZ88aYInOhayEDVo40Td9Yw4LhAlB6BcAwOOS2iqdTgaJFNlhTWCF3t-FM=s662" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="662" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXJwx71LC-dnKWsg2Egb2a0jj-ikRAsQIdOrz0oqW1idLeMGAREfaZGuf6ITCEuaha-sXo1JfBGhaHgYFah0895JIFjt0DOvlHb43XvEMLGsYoP1kpt4JwyvZvYQX9H2DZ88aYInOhayEDVo40Td9Yw4LhAlB6BcAwOOS2iqdTgaJFNlhTWCF3t-FM=w320-h182" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"civilized" vs "those people"</td></tr></tbody></table></i></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There is a great thread that catalogs all of this <a href="https://twitter.com/AlanRMacLeod/status/1497974911566061571" target="_blank">here</a> along with a great written piece <a href="https://www.islam21c.com/opinion/what-the-ukraine-russia-conflict-tells-muslims-about-their-status-in-the-west/?fbclid=IwAR3y9OlSuWfQhC5L_LElZp99t7Ie9t3-It9s52abS4haa7DGHYwCJRQqirw" target="_blank">here</a>.</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The US and Western far left and far right aren't much better. Fact that many are openly cheering for Putin should come as no surprise to anyone. The *same* people cheering the murders of Muslims in Syria and Libya at the hands of "anti-imperialist" installed dictators, are now falling over themselves to praise Putin speaks for itself. </span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFQu_BShPxXwNt95qYLI5okdYBVYbVKPC7q2-zoBroqADJjZlrk4s88gQYPPx12HI8JLK56gOV-H-uwFUqkwOYWmR0msH644-rZRSrm1w84ssiDZpXqo3FpZm7Nbvdk0gMso4AXRVnT-MxuSOt_QWuhX1tGSFyM_XGbLaQ3W8i99gMXx9bEr_VkuzB=s360" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="311" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFQu_BShPxXwNt95qYLI5okdYBVYbVKPC7q2-zoBroqADJjZlrk4s88gQYPPx12HI8JLK56gOV-H-uwFUqkwOYWmR0msH644-rZRSrm1w84ssiDZpXqo3FpZm7Nbvdk0gMso4AXRVnT-MxuSOt_QWuhX1tGSFyM_XGbLaQ3W8i99gMXx9bEr_VkuzB=s320" width="276" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This tweet perfectly captures the Russian social media disinformation strategy </span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhScWiqrZDuMIEoXjZWql1BldG4UPZ2iRCFctyoU3lW3JgC_7NLpz88OTIz2IO0l2UxWOjNkSk7mtf0MShgDFjb4djlALXznJJtnBWbJNwDp-o6jMHbPiZU0NvxzlPUtdJJe9wrdLAQr3q7ULOBjJNS8kuRCm0SKV7V0s-IIuML7YkTg9n_zicqmssj=s753" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="517" data-original-width="753" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhScWiqrZDuMIEoXjZWql1BldG4UPZ2iRCFctyoU3lW3JgC_7NLpz88OTIz2IO0l2UxWOjNkSk7mtf0MShgDFjb4djlALXznJJtnBWbJNwDp-o6jMHbPiZU0NvxzlPUtdJJe9wrdLAQr3q7ULOBjJNS8kuRCm0SKV7V0s-IIuML7YkTg9n_zicqmssj=w400-h275" width="400" /></a></div><br /></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Among Muslims, secular leftists such as Palestinian Ali AbuNimah of Electronic Intifada praising Putin <a href="https://twitter.com/im_PULSE/status/1496817675649040389?s=20&t=dx94K6Br7OSVROsIPQ1pUg&fbclid=IwAR2idhrLBPG8NusCpLFn9ccCAcCBo6HFZojIgT5hlx4h0kOnwjAwDzTt9pM" target="_blank">here</a> along with American wing of Al-Jazeera (<a href="https://twitter.com/ajplus/status/1496673988034142213" target="_blank">AJPlus</a>) should put the nail in the coffin of supporting these bankrupt individuals, organizations, and personalities.</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><h3 style="font-family: inherit; text-align: left;">4. Hope for the Future</h3><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lastly, just as the Soviet Union fell after the sacrifice of millions of Muslims in Afghanistan, it will take the sacrifice of Muslims again to save the world from Russian aggression. Putin understands this threat, especially given political vacuum in Afghanistan after US departure and his meeting with Imran Khan of Pakistan is to try to use Pakistan to contain any threat of further Muslim activity in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, or Krgyzistan (especially by the Taliban).</span></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">When (not if) Muslims politically come together again, it will be Muslims who will finish off the Russian nationalist project just as they did the atheist Soviet one.</span></div></div>Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-84540007221751776102021-10-23T15:02:00.006-04:002021-10-23T15:25:37.837-04:00What is the Worst Tragedy to Ever Strike Muslims? (Part 2)<p> <span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Part 2 of our video series, talking about how:</span></p><div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Systemic corruption is a <b>core</b> feature (not flaw) of nation states in the Muslim World</li><li>How keeping the lands divided results in economic backwardness and theft of wealth</li><li>How all of this relates to the Pandora Papers</li><li>The way forward for Muslims</li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="490" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YgbEIsJyzYo" width="590" youtube-src-id="YgbEIsJyzYo"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Please feel free to like, comment, and share with others.</div><br /><div><br /></div></div>iSiyasahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00683488599787661163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-4396260186176270322021-10-01T06:48:00.002-04:002021-10-01T06:52:00.979-04:00What is the Worst Tragedy to Ever Strike Muslims?<p> </p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">New video from one of our writers on the centrality and importance of state power in Islam. This video also covers why the fall of the weakened Ottoman khilafah (caliphate) was and still is the worst tragedy to afflict Muslims in the past century; as well as how and why the chaos present today in the Muslim World is a biproduct of both colonialism as well as a lack of a state to manage affairs of Muslims.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="446" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rWtKzNywEHc" width="536" youtube-src-id="rWtKzNywEHc"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p>iSiyasahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00683488599787661163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-73606615326625010292021-07-08T15:17:00.002-04:002021-10-01T06:50:17.734-04:00Palestinian-Israeli Conflict - Who is to really blame?<p><span style="font-size: x-large;">Short video summarizing the true reasons for US support for Israel and who is to really blame for the Palestinian Israeli Conflict</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="426" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gqO3YcGGweQ" width="512" youtube-src-id="gqO3YcGGweQ"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-size: large;">Please follow us on YouTube @IslamSiyasah, subscribe to our channel, and feel free to leave comments.</span><br /><p><br /></p>iSiyasahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00683488599787661163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-14233261634175133822021-05-22T18:35:00.023-04:002021-05-26T11:25:32.252-04:00Israel is the Shadow of Arab Regimes<span id="docs-internal-guid-47555c98-7fff-817d-6b87-98d0bd623daf"><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Israel is the shadow of the Arab regimes, so if those ceased to exist their shadow would cease to exist</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”</span></h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="300" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FYLNCcLfIkM" width="360" youtube-src-id="FYLNCcLfIkM"></iframe></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><i>Joe Biden Succinctly explaining US reasons for supporting Israel</i></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: #fafafa; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 27pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: -21pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the United States and around the world, many are questioning why, despite some mild rebukes, Washington has maintained its large-scale military, financial, political, and diplomatic support for the Israeli occupation in the face of unprecedented violations of international law and human rights standards by Israeli occupation forces. Why is there such strong bipartisan support for Israel’s right-wing prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s policies in the occupied Palestinian territories?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The close relationship between the U.S. and Israel has been one of the most salient features </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">in U.S. foreign policy for nearly three and a half decades. The well over $3 billion in military </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">and economic aid sent annually to Israel by Washington is rarely questioned in Congress, even </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">by liberals who normally challenge U.S. aid to governments that engage in widespread </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">violations of human rights–or by conservatives who usually oppose foreign aid in general.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">No other country comes close to offering the level of diplomatic support provided by Washington</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">-–with the United States often standing alone with Israel-- at the United Nations and other </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">international forums when objections are raised over ongoing Israeli violations of international </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">law and related concerns. Why is this the case? What benefits does the US get from this policy? </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">And is the “Israeli lobby” solely to blame?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Some salient facts:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. the US does not just support Israel simply because of the "Jewish Lobby" aka </span><a href="https://www.aipac.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">AIPAC</span></a>;<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (banks, insurance, arms manufacturers, and pharmaceutical lobbies </span><a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/industries" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">spend far more money</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> than AIPAC and have far more influence domestically and internationally).</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2. The US sees Israel as an integral part of its imperialist projects, and as such, must protect it from any criticism that might indict the US by extension. This is a continuation of the British policy (via </span><a href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-balfour-declaration" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Balfour Declaration</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/mandate-League-of-Nations" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">League of Nations Mandates</a>) which helped create Israel in the first place. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As an example, during the Arab spring, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/14/arab-spring-autocrats-the-dead-the-ousted-and-those-who-survived" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">decades of US backed dictators</a> were overthrown in a matter of months. Israel however provides a backstop and foothold to secure the region in event of another political emergency of its puppets getting overthrown.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. In addition to funding Israel with billions every year, the US also funds dictatorships and monarchies in predominantly Muslim countries (With</span><a href="https://www.amcham.org.eg/information-resources/trade-resources/egypt-us-relations/us-foreign-assistance-to-egypt" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Egypt</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and</span><a href="https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-jordan/#:~:text=The%20United%20States%20is%20Jordan's,Department%20Foreign%20Military%20Financing%20funds." rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Jordan</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> aid at a set % relative to what is given to Israel).</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4. How can you tell the value of points 2 & 3 above? Simple math:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">a. America has spent</span><a href="https://watson.brown.edu/research/2018/59-trillion-spent-and-obligated-post-911-wars" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> $5.9 TRILLION on wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Pakistan since 2001</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #196ad4; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">b. U.S. war in Iraq alone has cost </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-war-anniversary-idUSBRE92D0PG20130314?fbclid=IwAR3HHn1D1l60Zly77rTaE92AiGSOBSw2IHvZc7Ao6wGod0bn9ohMMHcLnZk" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">$1.7 trillion with an additional $490 billion in benefits owed to war veterans, expenses that could grow to more than $6 trillion over the next </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> four decades</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> counting interest.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c. US govt spends </span><a href="https://www.commondreams.org/views/2018/03/21/we-have-spent-32-million-hour-war-2001?fbclid=IwAR1rkmm0rsIQRVXsfv9f7QyYZe7sVRBjHak_YvBcvxOc-xy5G89oPGrGKeY" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">$32 Million *</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">per hour</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">*</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in Afghanistan & Iraq: </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Put another way: Since 2001,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> every American taxpayer has spent almost $24,000 on the wars — equal to the average down payment on a house, a new Honda Accord, or a year at a public university.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5. Simple math should lead to the conclusion that for $4-5 Billion dollars (plus vociferous support across both established political parties and the US corporate controlled media) Israel is a bargain, the state of Israel does efficiently what costs the US govt. trillions to do in other Muslim countries -- subjugate, dominate, and exploit Muslims, their lands, and their resources for colonial purposes (see <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYLNCcLfIkM" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Biden speech above</a>). The Arab/Muslim rulers, monarchies, dictatorships, and militaries are an even bigger bargain -- the US gets access to cheap natural resources (for pennies on the dollar) that can be used as levers of control over rivals such as Europe, Japan, and China.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">How can this be seen? The recent blockage/closure of the Suez canal (a choke point for world trade) highlighted this: </span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="color: #3f3f42; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">About 12% of global trade, around one million barrels of oil and roughly 8% of liquefied natural gas pass through the canal each day.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #3f3f42; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Separately, data from Lloyd's List showed the stranded ship was </span><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-56533250" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #3f3f42; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">holding up an estimated $9.6bn of trade</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> along the waterway each day. That equates to $400m and 3.3 million tons of cargo an hour, or $6.7m a minute.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="color: #3f3f42; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 590px; overflow: hidden; width: 460px;"><img height="590" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/klBPRhoDjX_mL_2Lzn5dcDWYeI_sxNW5gVTw-1fFqlpphQyevjbBSOcuHNyWPZCcOgGAC1CwM7diQ22TVH7fOkERN0B_7dNvktmeoUL4fRfRtqgzMlfO9rWbOVaKcNhXQddJCQ8D" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="460" /></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">6. Given the colonial/empire setup above, it is in the best interest of secular Arab/Muslim dictatorships (and their leftist supporters) to hype up Israel as a bogeyman who controls the US, (tying their hands from doing anything, when they are being paid by the same country that pays Israel in the first place). It is why some of the biggest secular supporters of Assad, i.e. <a href="https://english.alarabiya.net/views/news/middle-east/2020/11/05/Robert-Fisk-began-as-an-inspiration-but-ended-an-Assad-apologist" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Robert Fisk</a>, <a href="https://pulsemedia.org/2016/10/28/sympathy-for-the-devil-exorcising-greenwald-and-assad/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Glen Greenwald</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/georgegalloway/status/1138158762525646853?lang=en" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">George Galloway</a> -- indeed much of the pro-Assad </span><a href="https://english.alaraby.co.uk/opinion/alt-left-real-and-its-helping-fascists" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">altLeft</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-- is now grandstanding over civilian casualties in Gaza when they excuse the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/mar/05/how-yarmouk-refugee-camp-became-worst-place-syria" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VERY SAME</a> killings (including poison gassing) when they are done by their fellow secular left tribe members such as Assad, Saddam, or Qaddafi. Indeed Vladimir Putin is currently using </span><a href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-drones-syria-putin-russia-bomb-civilians-assad-1.9768100" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the same Israeli drones</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> used in Gaza to now bomb Syrian civilians in Idlib province.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">All of this is designed to somehow "prove" Israeli control of US. The secular Arab dictators <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/houstonianpakistani/c/_j9iBfqNENc?pli=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">were created</a> and <a href="https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2013/1/14/1178686/-How-the-US-help-put-Assad-in-power-in-Syria" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">brought to power</a> the SAME time Israel was created and were/are designed to preserve and protect Israel, if allowing their populations to vent on Israel would preserve their thrones, its a tolerable expense of doing business.</span></p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4s2nOYcUgaaU2rN6p3svzKzONMe0rqrkrQxR9w9xfsGjjmyX_oT6l7M295v6Pc1oxBsvuxWpsAUdCfwOmpfn0WWlM9lBQ06Z0Rpengy3b-LYf8FWW85kpK-jGvpHey4r_Kk8f3B4KvJE/s846/ArabFlagsofColonialism.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="714" data-original-width="846" height="335" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4s2nOYcUgaaU2rN6p3svzKzONMe0rqrkrQxR9w9xfsGjjmyX_oT6l7M295v6Pc1oxBsvuxWpsAUdCfwOmpfn0WWlM9lBQ06Z0Rpengy3b-LYf8FWW85kpK-jGvpHey4r_Kk8f3B4KvJE/w397-h335/ArabFlagsofColonialism.png" width="397" /></a></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Moreover, all of this is happening in a rapidly changing context, i.e. the recent "</span><a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/world-report/articles/2021-05-13/how-the-abraham-accords-precipitated-new-israeli-palestinian-violence" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Abraham Accords</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">" concluded by Jared Kushner/Donald Trump. For Arab nations, there was always the <a href="https://newlinesmag.com/argument/the-death-of-the-palestinian-cause-has-been-greatly-exaggerated/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pretense that their own peace with Israel</a> would help the Palestinians. Perhaps diplomatic relations would allow them some leverage? But in practice, much of the leverage they might have had was lost. Israel had gotten what it wanted — it had neutralized the military threat from key Arab challengers. It had effectively cordoned off and blockaded Gaza into an open air prison. What else do Egypt or Jordan really have to give?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 447px; overflow: hidden; width: 442px;"><img height="447" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/lmT5Gilwcw-yDXmBfhniKT38GMr2tOK1VFPd2rWAXVtlII8AUOlAG-l7cbcuuuegSC5pxlW9q8Redpx77EgKThZ_xi_V3gzF25PmEtsaXIlR6_te6x0803EqIA3FpguivoWTGTgO" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="442" /></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Today, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Morocco, and Sudan have been added to the list, via the “Abraham Accords.” Saudi Arabia, at least up until the current hostilities, </span><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/secret-meeting-in-desert-between-israeli-saudi-leaders-failed-to-reach-normalization-agreement-11606508754" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">seemed like</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> it might be next. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/23/benjamin-netanyahu-secret-meeting-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">secretly met</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in November. All of this is now coming above ground, when previously this was happening behind the scenes.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 264px; overflow: hidden; width: 624px;"><img height="264" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/WxZePa2jo8KFBj55eviQ_faTThonPrxkiP8pAQ4djpRrunF_xbfRi1vo-LLM2EoYgUtYOZaZDv7yagsApOR3endnVbFVCzQvof7LUdT16K127T0ajjUFM8hsAiBrplyUgmPftbB8" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="624" /></span></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It is also in the best interest of Saudi/UAE funded groups and personalities -- so called paid "Muslim" lobbying groups -- to </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/They_dare_to_speak_out.html?id=943GSfOPbNgC" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">hype up the same phenomenon</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> for the same reasons as above. It is also in Israel's interests to hype all of this up, so as to maintain a form of political deterrence (similar to their military deterrence the Israeli govt strives to maintain).</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Remember, all of this is designed to change the mindset and political public opinion of Arabs and Muslims across the globe, or as put by Netanyahu on his Arabic Twitter account:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 468px; overflow: hidden; width: 624px;"><img height="468" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/bVDHVXucCMrFemuPQsE7C1W_jkwRrC9lh45rB2Z7XLTf_yMu5FvIKEuWHN-BdLDlcjid1dl6n7xIlawG-x_ie-icyjHmrOOW8o6gaPjTItGOc7Ul88EDzWs1GrqrPYdln30A0mxi" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="624" /></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The biggest obstacle to our peace is </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">not</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> the Leaders of the countries that surround us, but rather the public opinion among the Muslim ummah, which for many years has been subjected to propaganda that wrongly biased against Israel</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">."</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the end, until Muslims tackle causes of their subjugation, getting distracted by white noise over Israel doesn't begin to address roots of colonialism and imperialism which act as levers of control over both Muslims and the World.</span></p><div><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1d2228; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div></span>Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-15563828134066899352017-06-20T13:24:00.001-04:002021-05-23T17:34:58.227-04:00Old Strategy, New Tactics: The Corruption Formula, an Overview, Look at Case Studies, and Call to Action (Part 3 of 3)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQk9mx-owM7cfyuuft1ZWkWkp2jEC1y8f9C-YNyU-l8yWFLViKDMS4fLONTGP_gaTcBuOixM3D5lO0jzTcCWl9I58kHjBM4XxH4Hl_lbPLIiyBNA0eoxy6pLiYAfvC-tJTKztD905puv0/s1600/SampleCorruptionFormulaPic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="500" height="632" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQk9mx-owM7cfyuuft1ZWkWkp2jEC1y8f9C-YNyU-l8yWFLViKDMS4fLONTGP_gaTcBuOixM3D5lO0jzTcCWl9I58kHjBM4XxH4Hl_lbPLIiyBNA0eoxy6pLiYAfvC-tJTKztD905puv0/s640/SampleCorruptionFormulaPic.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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An Overview, Look at Case Studies, and Call to Action (Part 3 of 3)</h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;">[Disclaimer: <i>This is the third part of a 3 part blog post series (part 1 is <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2017/06/old-strategy-new-tactics-corruption.html#more" target="_blank">here</a> and part 2 is <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2017/06/old-strategy-new-tactics-corruption_12.html" target="_blank">here</a>). Here we begin with a visual overview of the Corruption Formula we have previously presented and then illustrate this formula in practice with 4 diverse case studies: Indonesia, Egypt, Nigeria, and Afghanistan</i>. We then offer our own humble suggestions for what you the reader can do to call attention to this issue.</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: medium; white-space: pre-wrap;">Given the nature of the topic and vast amounts of information available on it, we've tried to condense some of the most pertinent and relevant information to help you the reader to better see and understand our perspective on it. Please take the time to go through all of the links, as well as videos and references. As always, comments, criticisms, suggestions, and questions are most welcome.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: medium; white-space: pre-wrap;">What we are putting forward and the whole purpose of this blogpost series, is to show that the US came up with a </span><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; white-space: pre-wrap;">new </i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: medium; white-space: pre-wrap;">method of colonization. A new formula if you will, whose end result is similar to old school colonization, but without the mad scramble and direct confrontation among world powers. Thus, since the end of WWII, the US (as well as other colonial powers) has been practicing and applying this new formula to secure third world resources, strategic interests, and extend their global influence and power. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now that we've helped define <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2017/06/old-strategy-new-tactics-corruption.html" target="_blank">the history and elements</a> of this formula as well as <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2017/06/old-strategy-new-tactics-corruption_12.html" target="_blank">instruments and institutions</a> that allow this formula to be made functional, we will proceed to illustrate how this formula <i>actually</i> operates in practice, by looking at 4 case studies: Indonesia, Egypt, Nigeria, and Afghanistan. We then will give recommendations with what you the reader can do and how you can get active on this issue. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">But first a visual overview summarizing the formula discussed to this point:</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Corruption Formula - Visual Overview</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUf_U18izY2zuRE_Rx-7Gn1yg-QXbMj5-3_uu2zNkblpVdFxShLRBRmMCp4iS5UZS6q4QB1UHLOUfyuOxGGuYjGgAr5SkW-w0Mtsy6xwSp9_LZW6iN6CWpnEi0MLKHc4XSviTzONwMSMw/s1600/formula.gif" height="579" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/ZWK1aBjVnqIF48q619EtqIC2wxvs4O7I5wREDh4aAWfaevApSANLlTfJFHAJa2pSRrIHN2BVdmRKZJ5kwET7Es8jMLPA5di1OkvPd45Q3xQcWkHnyypbxXUwXL4hDWUulh1xNfoGj9sX4VM7Tg" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="604" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;">Thus far, all of our writing has solely focused on the United States. This is because the US is the architect and leader of this new form of colonization. To be fair, all wealthy colonizing countries today are operating and implementing this new formula. For example, the United Kingdom has its own intelligence service, it funds and and uses the services of the IMF, it provides countries with foreign aid, it has it's own multinational companies that go abroad and extract wealth, and London (before Brexit) is considered the financial capital of Europe as well as one of the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/05/london-is-a-tax-haven-much-closer-to-home" target="_blank">biggest tax havens in the world</a> today.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;">Let's look at some case studies to see just how the corruption formula above is made operational.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Case Studies</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To really feel the impact of this 'formula', we must look at some examples.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Exa: #1: Indonesia - Over a million-dead due to the formula</span></h4>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Prior to World War II, Indonesia was a European Colony.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After WWII, a power vacuum arose and Indonesia finally gained 'independence' under a nationalist movement. </span><a href="https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/indonesia-how-imf-feeds-graft-and-corruption" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[36]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">From 1945 to the 1960s, the nationalist Sukarno government rejected IMF and World Bank interference. This resulted in an economic blockade by the US and aggressive interference CIA and British intelligence. </span><a href="https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/indonesia-how-imf-feeds-graft-and-corruption" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/aug/01/indonesia.comment" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[37]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The goal of the American and British governments was to put General Suharto in power via a military coup; this was done under the guise of combating communism. </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/aug/01/indonesia.comment" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Once in power, General Suharto was given means to kill anyone who got in his way. </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/aug/01/indonesia.comment" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="Indonesia-suhartoVictim-skulls.jpg" height="276" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/jyyKzwrKO4_aU9ATqq6XbcD8zznfEBlDiUD2xoNhc-XRipec54XKIQlBE0fEuWXb5G_wmCkSCOhWsxp-28upMGpECt50-EQSdBLQ9ARXZFpV3sGR_LtB2bacy5L9dlr6BvVlPicv" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="400" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reports estimate that Suharto killed up to a million 'alleged' communist sympathizers </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/aug/01/indonesia.comment" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Shortly after, Suharto was offered a drove of economic and military aid. </span><a href="https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/indonesia-how-imf-feeds-graft-and-corruption" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[36]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Then of course, the Corporate deals were made. John Pilger of the Guardian describes these deals perfectly:</span></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-left: 54pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"Indonesia under Suharto would offer up what Richard Nixon had called "the richest hoard of natural resources, the greatest prize in south-east Asia". In November 1967, the greatest prize was handed out at a remarkable three-day conference sponsored by the Time-Life Corporation in Geneva. Led by David Rockefeller, all the corporate giants were represented: the major oil companies and banks, General Motors, Imperial Chemical Industries, British American Tobacco, Siemens, US Steel and many others. Across the table sat Suharto's US-trained economists who agreed to the corporate takeover of their country, sector by sector. The Freeport company got a mountain of copper in West Papua. A US/European consortium got the nickel. The giant Alcoa company got the biggest slice of Indonesia's bauxite. American, Japanese and French companies got the tropical forests of Sumatra. When the plunder was complete, President Lyndon Johnson sent his congratulations on "a magnificent story of opportunity seen and promise awakened". Thirty years later, with the genocide in East Timor also complete, the World Bank described the Suharto dictatorship as a "model pupil". </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jan/28/indonesia.world" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[38]</span></a></blockquote>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A 2004 study done by Transparency International, estimates that Suharto and his family had salted away up to $35 billion dollars. </span><a href="http://www.economist.com/node/9465434" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[39]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Today General Suharto is gone, but Indonesia is still a model 'corrupt government': money still flows up like a mafia, everything from business deals to the traffic cops demand bribes and kickbacks, powerful international companies control the economy and each employs a local partner who is tied to the Suharto children, all the countries resources are being sucked out at record numbers, and of course the separation between the rich and the poor here is enormous. </span><a href="http://www.economist.com/node/9465434" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/157073/corruption-continues-plague-indonesia.aspx" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[40]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="indonesia_corruption.gif" height="263" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/kUXCQRNJU6wPZKdXToNJ9sCgCRceLw0govhWeyQ2P-qX28UkOd1VY2udGsBMRlyCH0JWhXxrPAtr5Oc7eScMSxM9moXt0eSZjShyNs2HHTbc4gumV-qr3Ab7SPTb8O2r208fUl6Z" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="624" /></span></div>
<h4 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 18pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Exa: #2: Egypt - The Military Kleptocratic Government</span></h4>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Egypt is a country consumed and controlled by its military, and we use the word military here loosely, because since the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Camp David Accords</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of 1978, Egypt's military is just another big corporation sucking the wealth out of the country. </span><a href="http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/07/12/making-lemonade-in-the-middle-east/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[41]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Egyptian Military has overtaken up to 40% of the country’s economy, making everything from jeeps, cooking oil, spaghetti, major construction projects, etc.; and 40% range is vague because the military's real economic depth is a state secret. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[42]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">These state run companies are not designed to promote broader economic development that would help and enrich the society, rather they are strictly run for profit. In other words, more wealth leaving the country. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="egypt_crooks.gif" height="149" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/THM1MdlG7lUlLmplV9u1kqeJWEenmb--woKp9-civ7N-qIx_cwBs4sr9UYi4KbwPL5cruDHtI5hP5BRGSUiIxrPvcKcuDot5Tn501v5mNzPsXsY-lexmTrO-9pYOh8KrXWoadA8B" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="547" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">These companies get free land, enjoy tax forgiveness and exemptions from labor laws, and immunity from public oversight since everything the military does is classified as a national secret. Thus, their products are made very cheap and likewise are sold very cheap, eliminating the competition. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The irony regarding this setup is that the average people of Egypt either don’t really know how corrupt the military is because the corruption is hidden, or because the people look up to the nationalistic myth of the military, which is constantly maintained by the state controlled media. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></li>
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</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To make matters worse and more corrupt for the country, when Gamal Mubarak (The former Egyptian president’s son) came into the fold in the mid 1990’s, he and his clique started changing everything that was outside of the military’s reach. He essentially sold off the country's resources and non-military companies to foreign investors & large corporations. The result of this wave of privatization was that thousands of Egyptians lost their jobs, the clique amassed a staggering fortune, and again all the profits from the companies and the clique was sent overseas. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">But the biggest bane of millions of Egyptians' existence is the auxiliary police, who have their fingers into everything (with government approval of course). At the airport, they collude with taxi drivers to rip off tourists. In the streets, they allow vendors to clog the pavement in exchange for bribes. Of course, they set up ‘checkpoints’ everywhere to shake people down. And if business is slow, they arrest people on fake charges, just to get a bribe at the police station. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;">[ibid]</a></span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In Egypt, everything is up for sale: building permits for illegal construction – no problem. Licensees to import illicit goods – no problem. Tax deferrals and rebates for the rich – no problem. Again, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">everything</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> has a price. But remember these bribes and kickbacks don't solely go into the pockets of the ones committing these extortion tactics; </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">everyone</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> takes a cut and the money moves up the corruption supply chain. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;">[ibid]</a></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If you are a 'police' officer operating a checkpoint, you have a quota to make, and then you pass some of this quota to your supervisor, who in turn does the same all the way up. If you are a teacher in school, you have a quota, so you hold back kids grades until the parents pay a bribe, <span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">then some of that bribe goes to your supervisor, who in turn must pay a bribe to his manager upwards, doing the same. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #1155cc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Starting to </span>get the picture?</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="Corruption.png" height="311" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/2Yt1WG4Xi5-t5CK0ixk_3NUfwHgFgm83mNscyQDPkFi7hhfbpVHB_6a7QPDLAaRpXQz30YoAnvyzmQnUOJasu36Qjq4pLvlccKUs-PbeinTyS195GQlonF6XAlHuV4LXuqXe9eqq" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="400" /></span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As far as what the corrupt military controlled government gets from the outside, that is simple. Today Egypt is still receiving billions in US military and economic aid, and billions more in IMF and WB loans. In exchange the US gets 3 main things: </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Continued commitment to the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Camp David Accords</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, i.e. Egypt is bribed to police both its own people and the people of Gaza on behalf of Israel.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A prime and lucrative market for US defense contractors to sell their outdated equipment </span><a href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-08-16/here-are-top-10-american-corporations-profiting-egypts-military" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[43]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Most importantly, preferential, and expedited passage for US ships (especially from China) through the Suez Canal (a perfect example of taking advantage of geostrategic resources). </span><a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-23721918" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[44]</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Exa: #3: Nigeria - The curse of too many resources</span></h4>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nigeria, like most of Africa, is an extremely resource-rich land. Nigeria is the largest producer of oil in all of Africa and has the 8th largest supply of natural gas in the world. The US alone imports some 40 percent of the country's oil production. In all, this wealth is worth billions upon billions of dollars (even when the price of crude oil is low). But of course, despite all this wealth 62% of the people live on less than $1.25 per day and barely anybody has electricity. </span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Looting-Machine-Oligarchs-Corporations-Smugglers/dp/1610397118" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[45]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> How? Because most of the wealth leaves the country.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Officially oil revenues are supposed to go into the Nigerian national budget, which then gets split up and spread throughout the country. This downward distribution doesn’t exist in these kleptocratic governments. Usually provinces receive almost no share of the national budget, but get carte blanche to extract wealth at their own levels however they want, as long as they pay their quotas up the chain, (as in Afghanistan). But of course, not all the oil revenues make it to the official national budget, it was reported that between January 2012 and July 2013 close to $20 billion dollars was 'missing'. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[46]</span></a></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Like Egypt, the Nigerian 'police' are a nightmare for the people. Their corruption is infamous. Locals say that "</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the police are like flies that settle on your arm</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">". The police are clearly not protecting anything, they are just fetching money for the corruption supply chain. For example, the police frequently impound cars and motorcycles, they make fake arrest, checkpoint shake downs, they will even torture people if they are stubborn and don't pay the bribe. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="nigera1.jpg" height="320" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/MAT0ULgPgbHMqoIRfFT18ZKPPr9b3EpPm9MXPHSUndHzFRmkIHLZb9FgFWvnh6Ar6TIOHXkDyj35ARrO7fhBqTwTp_vYEiqQu8N5DOScSL5bRV7-0lwzSnynjgd0ljdt17W_5uHt" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="441" /></span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nigeria also is a good example of a much deeper problem with these 'corrupt governments', and that's purposeful neglect! Because the IMF in collusion with these corrupt leaders only cares about maximizing wealth, other valuable parts of the country that can help the overall society gets purposely neglected. For instance, look at these 3-areas:</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Electricity: Even though the 'government' assigned billions of dollars to fix the rundown power stations and received World Bank loans specifically to fix the energy sector, the funds have been squandered or pilfered. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2014/05/06/world-bank-group-project-series-local-power-output-nigeria" style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[47]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> But somehow the electricity that runs the oil sector or the rich areas of Nigeria </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>never</i></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> loses electricity. It's because the IMF SAP's and the ‘government’ only care about keeping the money flowing -- that's neglect.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Agricultural: Nigeria is an area of the world where rains lash much of the territory for half the year and seeds need merely to be scattered to grow, they are the envy of other parched places in the world. In the 1960's Nigeria was a strong agricultural exporter; now it imports </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">all</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> basic foodstuffs. This is a direct result of under-investment in agricultural needs and transportation infrastructure. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[48]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Because quite frankly, the only thing the corrupt government and their backers care about is the oil, that's why oil generates over 95% of Nigeria’s export revenue. </span><a href="http://www.wupr.org/2013/11/24/resource-rich-but-still-poor/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[49]</span></a></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Textiles: Also like Egypt before privatization, Nigeria used to manufacture textiles and clothing, but now Nigeria is a hub of counterfeit Chinese-made textiles. The rub is that officially the Nigerian government has banned imported textiles, but somehow the market is flooded. This is because corrupt governments like Nigeria got their hands into everything including the cross-border smuggling racket.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> These truckloads of counterfeit textiles have wrecked the Nigerian economy because the overwhelming majority of textile companies can't compete with these cheap counterfeits, so they closed, resulting in thousands of lost jobs. </span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Looting-Machine-Oligarchs-Corporations-Smugglers/dp/1610397118" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[50]</span></a></div>
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<h4 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 18pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Exa: #4: Afghanistan - criminal syndicate disguised as a government</span></h4>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The reason we choose Afghanistan as one of our examples, is because it's a very fresh example. The US invasion of Afghanistan was only in October 2001 and the first president (Hamid Karzai) didn't take power until 2002. In other words, this US installed 'government' is still relativity new, and unlike our previous examples or other parts of the world like South America, they haven't had decades to cement and perfect their corruption yet. So, essentially we are getting a bird's eye view of how these types of governments are built from the ground up. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">That being said this corrupt government is fairly easy to describe. At the top, you have the Afghan government leaders that report to the 'President'. Below them you have an array of smaller groups spread out throughout the country that represent the subordinate officials -- governors or provincial chiefs of police (once again the word 'police' here is used very loosely like in Nigeria). Then at the bottom you have the people of Afghanistan. In this setup, the government's main role is to provide two things, first, unrestrained permission to subordinates to extract wealth and resources for gain in any way possible (as long as they pay their due up the chain), and second, protection from repercussions. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[51]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In other words, the government is actually a crime syndicate in disguise, the kind that would make Al Capone jealous.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sarah Chayes, in her book Thieves of State, describes this system perfectly, she writes: </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"The whole system depended on faithful discharge, by senior officials, of their duty to protect their subordinates. The implicit contract held, much as it does within the Mafia, no matter how inconsequential the subordinate might be. Every level paid the level above, and the men at the top had to extend their protection right to the bottom." </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="font-size: 10pt; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="AfghanistanCorruption-webfig1.png" height="363" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/zOhe_XHNNjAR_MAfjjpip7tmXs2ShIbSQmYVZnL8oodyNwTYWogUxpQ31CQhcvCV-IHCju2ScEsCsF4MeOXlGp_pNYIJFhPGGDR2OJVFpVRNvQu56GbVOLVRr3pDtZQ6tgQ3rVUX" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="620" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As far as actual "governing" is concerned, the government purposely leaves the east of the country for the U.S. (where the US military is busy hunting Taliban), because the Afghan government's only concern is siphoning the country's riches, that's why most of their operations are based around Kandahar, a city situated in the heart of the opium fields, near billions of dollars’ worth of minerals (marble, alabaster, iron, etc...), and a major node of entry into southern Afghanistan and trade routes. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In Afghanistan, the people/farmers don't grow poppy because they want to, or because of Taliban coercion, or because the price of poppy pays more (growing pomegranate and apricot sells higher than poppy), it's because the 'corrupt government' doesn't help farmers with credit for equipment to grow fruit or assistance in the event of a drought. Rather the government allows the opium dealers to come in and provide loans in exchange for payment in opium (for a cut to the 'government' of course). </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In case you are wondering, this gangster Afghan government is drowning in IMF & World Bank loans, because the US must support their creation. In fact, a September 2016 report by the U.S. special inspector general for Afghanistan reconstruction (SIGAR) </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"strongly criticized Washington for pouring billions of dollars into Afghanistan with so little oversight that it fueled a culture of rampant corruption"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span><a href="http://thediplomat.com/2016/10/does-more-aid-mean-more-corruption-in-afghanistan/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[52]</span></a></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">An outsider might see a failing state here, failing because the average person is poor and the leaders are obviously corrupt, but it's the opposite. This setup is technically serving its purpose: it has very little if anything to do with governing, it's enriching the ruling clique, and it's allowing the US with its companies and military to do whatever it wants. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[53]</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="afgan_1.gif" height="428" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/3Pav6ZyrK6JmhlzT0uAA9qYoOQDRdxZoSjdRzl2mwcdsc1API4vOe53XnKXZ1ZDlJLx_EJKJud9eLMTzjeOh5uNYaePJg1YG4TsFpK0zx0rcACsG_YrejOHMbxPFz6EO5ikxTpZ-" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="565" /></span></div>
<h4 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 18pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Exa: #5: Similarities Across all 'corrupt governments'</span></h4>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It goes without saying, that the gap between the rich (those connected to the 'government') and the poor in these countries is enormous! That's why these countries have constant protests, but just to be clear, it's not simply poverty pushing people over the edge, it's poverty with acute injustice and a lack of dignity imposed on people by these ‘corrupt governments’ </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[54]</span></a></div>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In order to get a good paying job in these countries, like a secure 'government' job, you must be part of one of the big families connected to the 'government', and likewise, even a private sector job with one of the international corporations is hard to find. Companies usually only hire from within the connected families because these companies plan on breaking the law and looting too. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Which explains why it's so hard to find honest people to serve in these "governments". Since these installed governments are really criminals and thieves, the system self-selects for criminality. Violation of the law turns into a rite of passage and it is rewarded.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As far as the “Armies” of these countries, their role is NOT to defend the country's borders or to help in the times of natural disasters. Their roles are to protect big business, build mansions for the generals, facilitate the corruption, and silence the people. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Another common theme is the corruption country’s infrastructure industries, or the lack thereof. For example, if the country needs a bridge or public housing or a road, they get the money for these types of projects from World Bank loans, then the government auctions off the project to the lowest bidder, of course for half the money that was originally allocated/loaned, because the other half goes into their pockets. The winning bidder then sells off some of the project, if not all, to further lower bidders, resulting in more people taking a cut of the original funds. Finally, the winning bidder at the end of the chain has used the cheapest materials possible because barely any money is left and to cut costs, usually brings in their own labor, so no jobs were even created(this is especially common practice when the winning bidder is a Chinese company). The result is a poorly built project just to pacify and silence the people. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[55]</span></a></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When thugs control the country, nothing is off limits. Besides the usually wealth being sucked out and sold-off, and the more common extortion and bribe tactics imposed on the people, dark underground industries are allowed and encouraged to prosper as well. Industries such as human trafficking, sex slavery (which is foolishly called "sex tourism" in the media), regular slave labor, and child workers are a big source of income in many of these 'corrupt governments'. </span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Crime-Monstrous-Face-Face-Modern-Day/dp/0743290089" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[56]</span></a></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In majority Muslim countries, these corrupt governments are extra harsh to any Muslim that dares speaks against this corruption. There’s a commonly known cliché in these countries: “The pen is more dangerous than a gun”. In other words, the jails in these countries are full of peaceful Muslim activists, whose only crime is speaking (publicly or privately) about the corruption. And the word jail is not like you see on an episode of “Locked Up”. These jails are underground medieval torture facilities, designed to strike fear into the population. </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/opinion/what-i-smuggled-from-a-syrian-prison.html?_r=0" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[57]</span></a></div>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The biggest gangster of all is the finance departments. These governments use audits to subjugate the people. Nonpayment of taxes is used as a kind of welfare program to secure obedience, or to punish someone who grew to be too independent. Essentially this results in every business having to pay a kickback to operate. If a business hesitates, someone in 'the family’ is sent to attack. If you as a business owner refuse, they get your loans called in, or cancel your permits, or audit your taxes, or just flat out close your business. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[58]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> But worst of all is how these 'government' leaders misappropriate funds. Just Google the Kabul Bank scandal of 2010 where over $925 million dollars of people's deposits just went missing </span><a href="http://thediplomat.com/2016/10/does-more-aid-mean-more-corruption-in-afghanistan/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[59]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, or look up the 2015 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal were more than $3.5 Billion in funds went missing </span><a href="https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/us-seeks-to-recover-1-billion-in-largest-kleptocracy-case-to-date" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[60]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, or simply search "corruption'"and "developing world" online, because the examples are endless.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To make matters worse, technology (in particularly remote areas) has empowered and strengthened these Kleptocratic governments. The top now monitors the bottom to ensure the corruption is maximized. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[61]</span></a></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Paying bribes is an unfortunate part of life under these types of governments. In a 2016 survey conducted by Transparency International, they generated 11,000 individual responses across nine countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Sudan, Tunisia and Yeman), in which they found that </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"One in every three adults had paid a bribe in return for an ostensibly free public service. One in three had paid at a court. One in four to a police officer. One in five reported doing so to a higher authority, but of them, almost half said they feared retaliation.”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The report goes on to say that </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“the persistence of corruption and bribery in the region is a testament to its history of repressive governments, often installed by foreign powers, which were more concerned with maintaining power and stability than creating structures of legal accountability”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [</span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/05/04/as-if-the-arab-spring-never-happened-corruption-rampant-in-arab-nations-says-report/?utm_term=.bec7877cc163" style="font-size: 12pt; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">62</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">] </span></blockquote>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="Screen-Shot-2016-05-04-at-3.24.09-PM.png" height="761" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/bgy-OMMFrIQUU3N1KuCULMLovXZ3uowiAqwriekRD_iRGUr1ZDbxDqO2OZaSPBR0zFYzoldo0P5vxtI3vcbZ8P6-HWyHL_KZx_iFp_atVSZaVvGM0ICDlLAkFoWeVAcjGqvoe1WK" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="624" /></span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 24pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To recap...</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the past, Western European countries would get the resources they desired by </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">directly</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> invading, conquering, and ruling a weaker area (old school colonization). The result was always the destruction of the local culture, deaths of thousands upon thousands of people, and the ruling invaders would take everything they wanted.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Unfortunately, today the story is not very different. Powerful countries use their enormous wealth, influence, intelligence, and military superiority to “intervene” (instead of invade) into the affairs of a weaker countries that are rich in the resources they desire and </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">indirectly</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> sway the country by proxy (new school colonization). The end result is similar: the local cultures are still in ruin and in some cases worse off because now that they’re being bombarded by more corrosive ideas such as nationalism, liberalism, feminism, etc.. Thousands upon thousands of deaths still occur, and the powerful country that sponsors this method just “buys” (instead of takes) anything they want.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The US has given the world many amazing things; unbelievable achievements in science, media, and technology just to name a few. But instead of using the tremendous competitive advantage they gained post World War II to rid the world of oppressive and unnecessary colonial practices, the US just re-wrote the formula that all powers now use (in their favor of course).</span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 18pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So What? What can be done? What Can We Do?</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We here at iSiyasah.com don’t claim to have all the answers, on the other hand we do believe that Muslims (along with all others interested on this issue) are in dire need of at least small intellectual steps towards revival. For starters we would humbly propose the following:</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
<img alt="WorstIlliterate.jpg" height="311" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/hozOnbZ_8SDieIB081yr8XOWwyC4buyOjB2XoC-TMyHzK967iUUZWPUqldS2g5yFV-MEX1zOep701D2JHgt3SLpk3TAz7PxLdUsDoyO6kZhHzmitQLX-xERqsC3HAfM2Gqrj6qjm" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="414" /></h3>
<h4 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Education/Political Literacy</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: As the saying goes, “it’s better to know than to not know.” The main objective of this analysis was knowledge. The more we know about our history, the more we study our Islamic literature, the more we keep up with current news events, only then can any of this knowledge lead to positive intellectual revival.</span></h4>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="mf_thereal.jpg" height="187" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/bDoLPJdktGpbBDvPfULimnLu3Lyi27olRyKmnhNHVJSGiQsIYAomi-9-imvTYWJHAz7Z1JgB6hZtQRb353ymMR43nRchJUbQCgLkgOEagjXkykONnMRCwfJOW0sXVnOjxAMCwu1x" style="border: none; transform: rotate(0rad);" width="400" /></span></div>
<h4 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Delegitimize Ruling Cliques</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: Clarify to people that the leadership in these countries is not politically legitimate. Knowing what we now know about the elites that oversee these Muslim majority countries (i.e. Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Uzbekistan, etc.) we all need to mentally detach ourselves from these people. The essential point here is that, they are </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">not</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> 'our' leaders, they just happened to be the viceroys and gangsters put in charge now. This means that when they speak, we know it’s nonsense, when they organize their fake rallies in their favor, we don’t attend, when one of their “representatives” visits our areas, we don’t honor them, but rather call out their corruption and their role in corrupt systems of governance and exploitation.</span></h4>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
<img alt="NationalismFalsePride.png" height="374" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Grk8Fqba3h_K5DJzpzc-ahOCd4XnXBL1lXhBscx3IsPb5T-1XOBPl3izLutTrda21WdkSpTAYBbTkR-Cq2DqmmUcqTOfEQCwYm-30RVC8CdWVOLOK3rWO1UDVyTveiwsHkxvzOS3" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="264" /></h3>
<h4 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Defang Nationalism</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: This is a big topic in and of itself, but if you really strip it down to its core, the poison that is nationalism is not that complicated. Think about it. If we mentally reject the people that were put in power by this corruption formula, then by extension we must mentally reject everything they stand for and stand on. Which means we don’t fly or represent the flags that they’ve given to us, we shouldn’t sing their patriotic national anthems, and we should abstain from proudly labelling ourselves x, y, or z. These labels and flags were designed to separate us; you know the old political proverb…divide and conquer.</span></h4>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="SuspendingNaivity.jpg" height="436" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/MsOP9b9BuvjB-xZ_Du_w0rTL3gYXShkn754BTiEfmyW76O18_8OOrXIIFmhFITcjdk-Xg5VdhxuyJI7IG0b4x-xwSsJQ69ViAfafduQoSjGXBf-pNjCmDPRyc59u1j0C5fpeCl45" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="624" /></span></div>
<h4 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Suspend Naivety</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: Collectively Muslims need to get smarter about how the world actually works. For instance, next time you hear the slogans that the United States is the “beacon of hope for the world”, you should question this publicly with others. Or when you read the word “foreign aid” in the news, you must ask yourself and try to investigate as to what strings are attached or deals are going to be made for that aid? Don’t simply accept half truths and learn to look deeper behind slogans. </span> </h4>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 14pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="powerofthepeople.jpg" height="308" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/c4pa8cXVRMZeG9PnE5f2VadtorK-ndNyquiJtMUzYTpPOmooYUWT7JvGjKAtm8KQiwnnwgQGgrjhaX_IJdlIfpOD5odber9FF1HUud4enUuao7Fv-RAWPgu53-7zgew36-x_Q-NY" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="308" /></span></h3>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
</h3>
<h4>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Interaction</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: These corrupt governments and their donors depend on our constant state of ignorance to keep the formula in operation so as to keep the money flowing. Therefore, at the very least try to raise and spread awareness among your circle of family, friends, neighbors, and colleagues. Share this analysis and make it a point of discussion to try to get people to see that corruption is not simply an individual failing but is an entire profitable group enterprise, one that relies on fear and ignorance of its existence to keep going. With increased knowledge and awareness try to make people realize that another world outside of this systematic corruption is possible. </span></h4>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 24pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">References</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1] </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chayes, Sarah. Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016. Print, pp. 213 – 218.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[2]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chayes, Sarah. Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016. Print.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[3]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"First Wave of European Colonization." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Wikimedia Foundation, 07 Apr. 2017. Web. 17 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[4]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Professor Amory Starr. Critical Globalization studies lecture. September 22nd, 2003.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[5]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"First Wave of European Colonization." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Wikimedia Foundation, 07 Apr. 2017. Web. 17 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[6]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"New Imperialism." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Apr. 2017. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[7]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Gutenberg, Project. "Second Wave of European Colonisation." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Second Wave of European Colonisation | Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing - EBooks | Read EBooks Online</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[8]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Green, John. "Imperialism: Crash Course World History #35." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">YouTube</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Crash Course World History, 20 Sept. 2012. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[9]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"Fashoda Incident." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Mar. 2017. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[10]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"World War I." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Apr. 2017. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[11]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"League of Nations." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Apr. 2017. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[12]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"World War II." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Apr. 2017. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[13]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hanson, Victor Davis. "Why America Was Indispensable to the Allies' Winning World War II."</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">National Review</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. N.p., 14 May 2015. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[14]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"World War II." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Apr. 2017. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[15]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"The United States and the Founding of the United Nations." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">U.S. Department of State</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. U.S. Department of State, Oct. 2005. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[16]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Central Intelligence Agency." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Feb. 2017. Web. 21 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[17]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Weiner, Tim. Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. London: Penguin, 2011. Print.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[18]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Integrity, Center For Public. "Pentagon Program Trained Foreign Torturers & Rapists." The Daily Beast. The Daily Beast Company, 17 Jan. 2017. Web. 21 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[19]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bernish, Claire. "Pablo Escobar’s Son Reveals His Dad “Worked for the CIA Selling Cocaine” — Media Silent." The Free Thought Project. The Free Thought Project, 22 Feb. 2017. Web. 22 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[20]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Craig, Delaval. “Cocaine, Conspiracy theories & the C.I.A. in central America” PBS. Public Broadcasting Service, n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[21]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">American Hegemony: How to Use It, How to Lose It by Gen. William Odom</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[22]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">McCartney, James, and Molly Sinclair McCartney. America's War Machine Vested Interests, Endless Conflicts. New York: Thomas Dunne, 2015. Print.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[23]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"The IMF and the World Bank: Puppets of the Neoliberal Onslaught." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">www.mit.edu</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. The Thistle, Sept.-Oct. 2000. Web. 21 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[24]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">About the IMF</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. www.imf.org, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[25]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"What the IMF Does." International Monetary Fund. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[26]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"Top Ten Reasons to Oppose the IMF | Global Exchange." Top Ten Reasons to Oppose the IMF | Global Exchange. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[27]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Kibbe, Matt. "What Has The IMF Done With Our Money?" What Has The IMF Done With Our Money? | FreedomWorks. Www.freedomworks.org, 02 Feb. 2011. Web. 17 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[29]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"The IMF and the WORLD BANK: Puppets of the Neoliberal Onslaught." The IMF and the WORLD BANK: Puppets of the Neoliberal Onslaught. The Thistle, Sept.-Oct. 2000. Web. 27 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[30]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pallister, David. "How the US Sent $12bn in Cash to Iraq. And Watched It Vanish." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 07 Feb. 2007. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[31]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hickel, Jason. "Aid in Reverse: How Poor Countries Develop Rich Countries | Jason Hickel."The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 14 Jan. 2017. Web. 23 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[33]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"Top Ten Reasons to Oppose the World Trade Organization | Global Exchange." Top Ten Reasons to Oppose the World Trade Organization | Global Exchange. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[34]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Guevara, Marina Walker. "The Panama Papers - One Year Later." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1A</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. 1A.org, 13 Apr. 2017. Web. 03 May 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[35]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sibley, Nate. "Kleptocracy, Inc.: How America Enables Global Corruption." By Nate Sibley. Hudson Institute, 10 Oct. 2016. Web. 28 Feb. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[36]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"INDONESIA: How the IMF Feeds Graft and Corruption." Green Left Weekly. N.p., 05 Sept. 2016. Web. 03 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[40]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Gallup, Inc. "Corruption Continues to Plague Indonesia." Gallup.com. N.p., 10 Feb. 2017. Web. 02 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[41]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Walt, Stephen M. "Making Lemonade in the Middle East." Foreign Policy. N.p., 12 July 2013. Web. 03 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[43]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Kim, Kyle. "Here Are the Top 10 American Corporations Profiting from Egypt's Military."Public Radio International. Global Post, 16 Aug. 2013. Web. 07 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[44]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ghattas, Kim. "US Credibility 'in Tatters' over Egypt Crisis." BBC News. BBC, 16 Aug. 2013. Web. 07 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[45]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Burgis, Tom. The Looting Machine: Warlords, Oligarchs, Corporations, Smugglers, and the Theft of Africa's Wealth. New York, NY: PublicAffairs, 2016. Print, pp. 61-79.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[46]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chayes, Sarah. Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016. Print, pp. 122.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[47]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"World Bank Group Approves Project Series to Boost Local Power Output in Nigeria." World Bank. Www.worldbank.org, 6 May 2014. Web. 07 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[48]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chayes, Sarah. Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016. Print, pp. 124.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[49]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Vatsan, Govin. "Resource Rich, But Still Poor." Washington University Political Review | WUPR. Www.wupr.org, 23 Nov. 2013. Web. 07 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[50]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Burgis, Tom. The Looting Machine: Warlords, Oligarchs, Corporations, Smugglers, and the Theft of Africa's Wealth. New York, NY: PublicAffairs, 2016. Print, pp. 61-79.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[51]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chayes, Sarah. Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016. Print, pp. 58 – 66.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[52]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Katawazai, Ahmad Shah. "Does More Aid Mean More Corruption in Afghanistan? ." The Diplomat. The Diplomat, 03 Oct. 2016. Web. 16 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[53]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chayes, Sarah. Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016. Print, pp. 63.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[54]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chayes, Sarah. Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016. Print, pp. 67 – 77.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[55]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chayes, Sarah. Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016. Print, pp. 73, 86.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[56]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Skinner, E. Benjamin. A Crime so Monstrous: Face-to-face with Modern-day Slavery. New York: Free, 2009. Print.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[57]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Omari, Mansour. "What I Smuggled From a Syrian Prison." The New York Times. The New York Times, 15 Mar. 2017. Web. 23 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[58]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chayes, Sarah. Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016. Print, pp. 67 – 77, 96.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[59]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Katawazai, Ahmad Shah. "Does More Aid Mean More Corruption in Afghanistan? ." The Diplomat. The Diplomat, 03 Oct. 2016. Web. 16 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[60]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"U.S. Seeks to Recover $1 Billion in Largest Kleptocracy Case to Date." FBI. FBI, 20 July 2016. Web. 16 Mar. 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[61]</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chayes, Sarah. Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016. Print, pp. 113.</span></div>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-cc69bdb2-c63d-080f-b766-e062e56bc271"><span style="color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[62]</span><span style="color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bearak, Max. "1 in 3 People in the Arab World Had to Pay a Bribe for Basic Needs, Survey Reveals." </span><span style="color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Washington Post</span><span style="color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. WP Company, 04 May 2016. Web. 07 May 2017. </span><span style="color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-62208479718584349562017-06-12T12:59:00.002-04:002021-05-23T17:35:09.400-04:00Old Strategy, New Tactics: The Corruption Formula, A Look at the Instruments of US Colonization (Part 2 of 3)<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpicM0HYynmxejbUQS2v71Hcu0v8MFZhnS1PdFq0khod-O0Lm2DzK4_-Nj3OoA7qyURcXV_00y14iHTsgswe6ELEr89-YX0dtXgL6NQmnolauChWJxfDpTfvqxGNgW8KcLTfFlLTWRrXk/s1600/SampleCorruptionFormulaPic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="500" height="632" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpicM0HYynmxejbUQS2v71Hcu0v8MFZhnS1PdFq0khod-O0Lm2DzK4_-Nj3OoA7qyURcXV_00y14iHTsgswe6ELEr89-YX0dtXgL6NQmnolauChWJxfDpTfvqxGNgW8KcLTfFlLTWRrXk/s640/SampleCorruptionFormulaPic.jpg" width="640" /></a></h2>
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A Look at the Instruments of US Colonization (Part 2 of 3)</h2>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Continued from <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2017/06/old-strategy-new-tactics-corruption.html#more" target="_blank">Part 1: The Corruption Formula, Introduction</a> </span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;">[Disclaimer: <i>This is the second part of a 3 part blog post series (part 1 is <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2017/06/old-strategy-new-tactics-corruption.html#more" target="_blank">here</a>). Here we take a deep dive into the Instruments of US Colonization that helps to facilitate corruption -- the CIA, the IMF & Western aid organizations, and the roles of Corporations and Tax Havens</i>].</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; white-space: pre-wrap;">Given the nature of the topic and vast amounts of information available on it, we've tried to condense some of the most pertinent and relevant information to help you the reader to better see and understand our perspective on it. Please take the time to go through all the links as well as videos and references. As always, comments, criticism, suggestions, and questions are most welcome.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">What we are putting forward and the whole purpose of this blogpost series, is to show that the US came up with a </span><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">new </i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">method of colonization. A new formula if you will, whose end result is similar to old school colonization, but without the mad scramble and direct confrontation among world powers. Thus, since the end of WWII, the US (as well as other powers) has been practicing and applying this new formula to secure third world resources, strategic interests, and extend their global influence and power. But before we dive deep into this new 'formula', we must expand and understand the instruments and symbols of this formula -- namely the important roles that the CIA, IMF/World Bank and Corporations & Tax Havens play in keeping this formula functional.</span></span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 24pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The CIA’s role</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you do a simple google search for CIA, what you get is this vanilla definition that states:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence” </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[16]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></blockquote>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">While it is of course true that some of the CIA’s actions involve gathering and analyzing data, i.e. espionage type work, this definition (or any online one for that matter) doesn’t even begin to scratch the surface of the true extent and purpose of their work.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In a must read book titled “</span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Ashes-History-Tim-Weiner/dp/0307389006" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”, author Tim Weiner provides an in depth look at the true nature of the CIA’s work. In this book he details dozens and dozens of examples of how each US president uses the CIA to try to accomplish one main goal: namely, overthrowing and replacing a country's leadership; or the politically correct term that US politicians and news media love to use, ‘regime change’. Therefore, a more proper definition should be, the CIA is a tool of the United States government whose role is to secretly intervene in the internal affairs of all other countries for the sole benefit of American political and economic goals, by any means necessary.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="re_revolution___sherif_arafa.jpg" height="372" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/QQqp1Bve3ePHZHytC5R6_SgSFF2VYoPKxKO9zZkmu81edbI6YfNgGItZGAP8HRiFfXm0S_j4PrloA7dmYUMHfGUWE9M6DLZRPt9FLc2aew1BXxuys0_NtAbXg3bc_iv4YgZ-4Z6J" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="624" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Besides simply collecting intelligence through cunning and secrecy (as most Hollywood movies portray), here is an abridged list of some of the more common tactics the CIA uses to take control of a country’s leadership and maintain sway over this leadership with the overall goal of granting the US access to the country’s resources. Just to be clear, resources could be material like oil or a valuable metals like copper (used in the supply chains of multiple industries), or it could be geostrategic as in control over a channel or strait.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So how does the CIA “overthrow” a leader towards the US camp?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Use of bribery with cash, coercion, and in many cases brute force to support rivals. </span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Ashes-History-Tim-Weiner/dp/0307389006" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">17</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hiring and use of street gangs to start rallies in favor of the local actor they want. [ibid]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Paying off religious leaders to denounce the current leadership. [ibid]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Again, liberally paying off and bribing anyone! Senators, senior military officers, editors, publishers, etc. [ibid]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Making fake pamphlets, posters, paraphernalia to help sway public opinion. [ibid]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The use of “democracy” to flip the political leadership by subsidizing desired political parties while withdrawing funds from others, giving/withholding money to individual politicians or political actors, subsidizing publication of books & media, subsidizing journalists, and of course blackmail -- the backup ace in the hole. [ibid]</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="hqdefault.jpg" height="273" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/h2VfXDNdq2ksc6EKA9M67dU9yZLni3rFyxcslPy69yVjFjkudE8_7kShWDl0KPPja8CysZ0JIylYAOym8U2NJKuwktWQnSPmGluRAEZOD5Pv_DOvD0BgB1-KQr_AsKW9OC-07dgS" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="391" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In a nutshell, they basically follow 3 steps when trying to overthrow a leader:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1) They wage political, economic, psychological, and cyber warfare; sabotage, propaganda, counterintelligence, and of course enough money is thrown at everyone to induce the change to happen. [ibid]</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2) If that fails, the US usually ends up condemning the country to harsh sanctions to impose poverty, thus forcing the current leader to adopt harsh features of a police state to keep the population under control. While at the same time, covertly provoking a popular uprising until the change occurs. [ibid]</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3) Finally, if all else fails they look to support some type of military coup, either using the existing military apparatus of the country or they just use the global juggernaut that is the US military. [ibid]</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="CpOQr6WVIAANLTH.jpg" height="501" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/EAzdISSeAIJrUG_wZXBThGX8qYkTxNs5LhQeBiI5tUJhSQ9FR4z_gPe_PvsXNPklBckbNr-AxZZAtWez0CA38SvLAO_vauaYu-ctn51mU06teDYRKvjK-umSSh4hC2Gmj2dRvRoQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="636" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One might say that the CIA’s work is ugly, but necessary; because the US is simply trying to overthrow a bad leader or “keep the peace”. Or perhaps one could say these things had to be done during the Cold War with Russia (from 1947 – 1991) to stop the spread of virulent forms of Socialism and Communism. Or even more recently the US must use these tactics to intervene in the Middle East and beyond to stop the spread of "Islamist" terrorism, al-Qaeda, and ISIS (or whatever other names these fools choose to call themselves these days).</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">That’s fine, and we might personally agree in some cases, but what truly shows the ugly side of the underbelly and exposes the US’s true intentions, is what the CIA does <i>after</i> they “help” the new leadership come to power. In all the cases that we’ve researched (see case examples in third post), and we mean </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">all</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of them, the new leadership ended up running a “corrupt government”, as defined earlier above. In other words, the US works to put bad actors/criminals in power deliberately and then helps maintain them in power despite their massive corruption. One could ask, Why? The answer simply put is because these bad actors will aggressively act to carry out and serve US economic and political interests, i.e. enable the US to dominate the country’s resources.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So how does the US (via the CIA) support these Kleptocratic governments?</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Liberal use of tons of ‘cold-cash’ to support leaders. The corrupt leader in turn uses the money to buy votes during staged election times – and yes, we choose the word ‘staged’ on purpose. [ibid]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Use of warlords to run guns. This is because corrupt leaders will need weapons to use over their own people as popular discontent grows. [ibid]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Building powerful radio stations and media outlets for these corrupt governments, because the corrupt leadership must try to subdue and brainwash their own people from rising up. [ibid]</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Empowering and strengthening these corrupt leaders by training and equipping them with private police forces. The US spends millions annually training and building up foreign police and military forces. </span><a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2017/01/17/pentagon-program-trained-foreign-torturers-rapists.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[18]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now this point is particularly interesting. If the US is essentially teaching these foreign police and security officers how to run their countries, then how do all these countries end up with a ‘corrupt government’? Is the US deliberately teaching these people how to be corrupt, or is it that the US only seems to be picking the most corrupt individuals to teach?</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Finally, the biggest form of ‘help’ provided to these corrupt leaders, is that they are connected to American military and economic aid, which is an enormous prize for these bad actors, because it means getting really powerful and rich.</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As a noteworthy mention, some CIA actions not listed above include the use of torture at what they refer to as "black sites" as well as drug dealing to finance and raise cash for some of the actions listed above. One can simply ask Pablo Escobar's son how the CIA financed all the horrible coups in Latin America. </span><a href="http://thefreethoughtproject.com/escobar-son-cia-cocaine/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[19]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/special/cia.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[20]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It is no wonder the director of the National Security Agency under Ronald Reagan - Lt. General William Odom once wrote:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"Because the United States itself has a long record of supporting terrorists and using terrorist tactics, the slogans of today's war on terrorism merely makes the United States look hypocritical to the rest of the world."</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="http://www.middlebury.edu/media/view/214721/original/OdomPaper.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[21]</span></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="HowNeoColonialismWorks.jpg" height="443" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/5W2EYsyUW0tY-Sr48sxSir_yvgq4Il4Su1LyNCvBY3faTTqBUY6TFA1u-T9nuj3uGqJHkVdCvWBzRwqpfw8dulp_rIaX5L3AO_vhVFG-yf-5ReQPpo_COPqYLWsIMRP-ezsHUtTS" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="367" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To sum up this section, it’s extremely important to highlight, that the CIA is not a rogue US entity. In other words, the CIA is not out in the world doing these things on its own. The CIA is one of the many tools of the United States, and the US uses this tool when it sees fit. In addition, the CIA is not the only US intelligence apparatus, currently the US has seventeen intelligence agencies </span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Americas-War-Machine-Interests-Conflicts/dp/1250069777" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[22]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. So, you can imagine how much brainpower, bandwidth, and resources goes into making sure this formula works.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Speaking of the formula, we must now look at the next element or symbol; economic aid.</span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 24pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The role of the IMF & Western Aid</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Initially after World War II, the IMF was charged with overseeing the international monetary system to ensure exchange rate stability to facilitate orderly international trade. Likewise, the original purpose of the World Bank was to lend money to Western European governments to help them rebuild after World War II. </span><a href="http://www.mit.edu/~thistle/v13/2/imf.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[23]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> But since the early 1970’s the IMF and World Bank have morphed to take on a much different role.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">According to the IMF’s website, their purpose is to“foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.” </span><a href="https://www.imf.org/external/about.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[24]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> This is also referred to as “Multilateral Aid”. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The IMF's work consists of 3 steps: </span><a href="https://www.imf.org/external/work.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[25]</span></a></div>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">conducting economic surveillance</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">providing loans to needy countries</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">providing technical assistance & training</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">On paper it sounds fairly innocent, right? But as the saying goes, never judge a book simply by it’s cover, and when you open the IMF/World Bank’s books, the facts on the ground are anything but innocent.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We are not going to list all the reasons as to why banks like the IMF and World Bank are so bad for the planet. There are literally hundreds of publications and websites devoted to exposing this. We’ll just highlight some salient facts that expose their roles in the formula:</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The IMF is a very powerful and secretive institution with practically no accountability. </span><a href="http://www.globalexchange.org/resources/wbimf/oppose" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[26]</span></a></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rich countries dominate IMF decision-making because each vote is determined by the amount of money that each country pays into the IMF's quota system. The US, of course, has the highest voting stake and is the only nation with the power to veto all major decisions. </span><a href="https://www.forbes.com/2011/01/24/imf-taxpayers-greece-opinions-contributors-matt-kibbe.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[27]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> A 2004 study by the University of North Carolina concluded that:</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"American policy makers regularly shape the specific content of IMF conditionality agreements. When the US has interests at stake for its respective transnational corporations, the IMF offers larger loans. When the US has fewer interests at stake, the IMF offers smaller loans."</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230806990_American_Interests_and_IMF_Lending" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[28]</span></a></blockquote>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The IMF has spent decades propping up some of the most corrupt and repressive regimes in the world. So far, there has been </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">No</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> correlation between IMF loans and growth. Even a Clinton administration task force acknowledged that, </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"Despite decades of foreign assistance, most of Africa and parts of Latin America, Asia and Middle East are economically worse off today than they were 20 years ago."</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="https://www.forbes.com/2011/01/24/imf-taxpayers-greece-opinions-contributors-matt-kibbe.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[27]</span></a></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The leadership of the IMF knows exactly what it is doing. A 2011 Joint Economic Committee study found: </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"evidence suggesting that the IMF <b>knowingly</b> makes loans to corrupt governments while recognizing that some of its loan conditions and procedures can create circumstances promoting additional corruption … thus, IMF lending operations may be consistent with subsidizing corruption."</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="https://www.forbes.com/2011/01/24/imf-taxpayers-greece-opinions-contributors-matt-kibbe.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></blockquote>
</div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The World Bank plays a different role than the IMF, but works tightly within the stringent SAP framework imposed by the IMF. It focuses on development loans for specific projects, such as the building of dams or roads, but their only concern is private corporate profit. </span><a href="http://www.mit.edu/~thistle/v13/2/imf.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[29]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> For example, if a project ends up destroying the local food supply or results in thousands of people being displaced, who cares? Local community concerns are rarely taken into consideration. Profits and return on investments (ROI) are paramount.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="imf_factsp4.gif" height="310" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-_gmwV45uV9mxqSLvHM-UfJOxe5b-hVszpcyPDzsmk8DHwlTS3Kw0opCaqY2NOgdg9TUuH4Dm0HBEVhhJd6kaIZZvwnfJFaTgF7OqBLvkIDJzTI8MIu1XZGwY7Sofd7T9hw0Fobs" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="350" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Therefore, we feel that a more proper definition that helps describe the IMF’s role would be the following:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The IMF is a tool for wealthy countries to support and enable 'corrupt governments' to play ball. Their ‘work’ consists of 3 steps:</span></div>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">They have a team of people that study a country's economy and resources inside and out, and this team works to figure out what is the best way to maximize a country’s worth, for the benefit of the wealthy countries (who see themselves, as opposed to its citizens, as its shareholders).</span></div>
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</ol>
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<br /></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">They provide these 'corrupt governments' all forms of different loan instruments that are tied to structural adjustment policies (SAP's), -- all designed to foster “growth” -- a fancy term for sucking the country dry (i.e. cutting spending on health and education, eliminating basic food subsidies, privatizing national assets, etc.).</span></div>
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</ol>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Finally, they provide the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">gangsters </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in power with an economic expert that trains and teaches these </span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">thugs </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in power how to effectively draining out the resources of a country.</span></div>
</li>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="foreign_aid2.jpg" height="455" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/P9q65o7TmTqbkAPKDULFFgddrQZX7-oCzN7im4Cl6SbZTt2LJ3fCguT6TpwX-PSSyRkYa07PzwLzYYHb6wC0STSp00XUs5FMoxWfv38GoFUJlW6-rrW37bQCUqkgb7iK6NWPHqUx" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="590" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Besides loans provided by the IMF and World Bank, there are also other types of “aid” that wealthier countries like the US provide. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One odious visual example involves the straight-up delivery of shrink-wrapped $100 bills. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="Pallets_of_cashIraq.jpg" height="369" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/PJl32a8XuJPlC5aT1ECHxNoAq1o5w9_JhbQPm_0jTX8XrNysYotgwfnLQxuK9wAj9yNRnB2lqifrq0eD62QSlb2g8vFpei-kATevfjvFFnoDPCJHLVbmlJQbRJtfQJgM1RDPc9IZ" style="border: medium none; transform: rotate(0rad);" width="624" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Remember the $12 Billion dollars of US cash that "vanished" in Iraq </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/feb/08/usa.iraq1" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[30]</span></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sometimes it's project-based aid, where funds are given to finance a project that the country needs, such as a school or a hospital (which by the way either never gets built or is built using the most substandard or cheapest materials possible because most of the money allocated or given goes to the ‘corrupt leadership’, i.e. they take their cut). </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Then please don’t forgot the mother of all aid, military aid.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At this point, you might ask yourself, why do rich countries like the United States fuel and enable these 'corrupt governments' via these loans and aid? In other words, what do they get out of it? In a recent Guardian report, Jason Hickel says it best when he discusses a study that was published by the US-based Global Financial Integrity (GFI) and the Centre for Applied Research at the Norwegian School of Economics.</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">He writes, the research "tallied up all of the financial resources that get transferred between rich countries and poor countries each year...As far as I am aware, it is the most comprehensive assessment of resource transfers ever undertaken.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">What they discovered is that the flow of money from rich countries to poor countries </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">pales</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in comparison to the flow that runs in the <b>other</b> direction.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 2012, the last year of recorded data, developing countries received a total of $1.3tn, including all aid, investment, and income from abroad. But that same year some $3.3tn flowed out of them. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In other words, developing countries sent $2tn more to the rest of the world than they received</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">What this means is that the usual development narrative has it backwards. Aid is effectively flowing in reverse. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rich countries aren’t developing poor countries; poor countries are developing rich ones.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/jan/14/aid-in-reverse-how-poor-countries-develop-rich-countries" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[31]</span></a><span style="background-color: #efefec; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></blockquote>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="aid_africa.jpg" height="409" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/6eBobHRoaTpgvKD8Zg583E78M9YYKiUY5yV_FP5WEDtSt144q_O09TPrhomlJF-nHMnFlR--JaBXbShBqRZ37xDt3yD8t6D9wjuhsKnkqtiTLgV5G69kQgpmSH87OvmZfSnpE2JQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="624" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">OK, thus far everything we’ve described has been flowing in one direction from rich countries to poor ones. The US for instance is spending money via the CIA to flip a leader, once the leader is flipped the US is spending money training and equipping the corrupt leadership, then the US is spending money via “foreign aid” which incentivizes and implants the corruption. So, what is Jason Hickel of the Guardian talking about? How does all of this money, resources, and wealth flow out of these countries? Well that’s where the last element or symbol of formula comes into play, where powerful multinational corporations, wealthy investors, and secret offshore accounts lie.</span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 24pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The role of Corporations & Tax Havens</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This section is simple to explain; once the "new leader" stabilizes and consolidates his power, large multinational corporations are given the green light to come in and ‘make deals’. Every country and deal is different, but what they all share is six common characteristics:</span></div>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">All these deals are extremely complex and are shrouded in layers of secrecy.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The corporations work closely with the IMF & World Bank, (remember it is these banks that initially set up the 'economic surveillance' and the SAP's). So closely in fact, that these banks have three specialized institutions that specifically support private corporations: </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 36pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The International Finance Corporation (IFC), </span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 36pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 36pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). </span><a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/209/43470.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[32]</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Under direction from these banks, companies can come in and buy up everything. The biggest beneficiaries are generally transnational corporations whose focus is in sectors such as water, energy, oil & gas, telecommunications, automobiles, agribusiness, and luxury hospitality. [</span><a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/209/43470.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ibid</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">These deals all result in even more money going to the 'corrupt government' in the form of bribes, payments, or 'gifts' depending on the country. [</span><a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/209/43470.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ibid</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: 36pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">These deals are marketed as good for the country under the guise of words like 'trade liberalization', 'privatization', 'economic growth' and 'free trade'.</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="5" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">These companies profits are for the most part protected by the World Trade Organization </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(WTO)</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, which was created in 1994 as a successor organization to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(GATT)</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. On paper the WTO is a world court of trade where mega-buck arguments on everything from trade restrictions on imports and e-commerce issues are debated and settled, and global trading rules are made. The reality of this court, is that rich countries set the rules to allow their corporations to dominate developing countries resources and economies by opening up these countries to foreign investment and thereby making it easier for production to go where the labor and environment are easily exploited. </span><a href="http://www.globalexchange.org/resources/wto/oppose" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[33]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> For example:</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The WTO has ruled it illegal for a government to ban a product based on the way it is produced, such as as goods produced with child labor. </span><a href="http://www.globalexchange.org/resources/wto/oppose" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<ol start="2" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ol start="2" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The WTO has protected pharmaceutical companies’ patents against governments seeking to produce lifesaving medicines in their countries, such as areas in sub-Saharan Africa, where thousands die every day from HIV/AIDS. </span><a href="http://www.globalexchange.org/resources/wto/oppose" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">WTO policies have allowed dumping of heavily subsidized industrially produced food into poor countries, which undermines local production (if any) and has resulted in increased unemployment and hunger. </span><a href="http://www.globalexchange.org/resources/wto/oppose" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Overall WTO rules have created a world where the richest 20 percent of the world’s population consumes 86 percent of the world’s resources, according to the United Nations Development Program </span><a href="http://www.globalexchange.org/resources/wto/oppose" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Worse of all, if a country’s government (corrupt or otherwise) doesn’t comply with the WTO rules, then the WTO has the power to punish rule violators with sanctions. Again, corporate profits are sacrosanct and protected above all. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[more on WTO </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/nov/14/wto-fails-developing-countries" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">here</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and </span><a href="http://faculty.smu.edu/millimet/pdf/WTOCorr.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">here</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Most importantly the overall society hasn't really gained anything. This is mainly because most (if not all) of the profits generated from any of these schemes are sent abroad. Actually, it's the opposite, the society doesn't get zero, they get a net negative.</span></div>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Think about it...the first thing these companies demand is that: subsides for the poor are cut, protection for workers be eliminated, unrestricted access be granted onto the land, environmental safeguards be overridden, and social programs be drastically cut back. </span><a href="http://www.globalexchange.org/resources/wto/oppose" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> And of course the 'corrupt leadership' agrees, because remember that's their role and why they were originally put into that position in the first place.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The result? The people get no windfall from corporate profits because all the money/wealth that was generated leaves the country, jobs (if any) are low paying and unstable, their environment is made toxic and in many cases destroyed, and on top of this citizens in these countries are now stuck with a mafia-style government that steals money from them and from any public funds.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="africa.jpg" height="421" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/zhLGbaS9OtklV0hWycW0_ZI2qzyHN4pohh7piIfEzsITWC3dajmLFO9t-L6YEJ6JGLd7GRoRvxsaf2Ef1LY38rCdTFerueObmgx11K5Z_5rx1I6gIN3OUMlaMFaRM3yUr46JUvOQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="623" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The only question left to answer, is where does all the money generated in profits go? Part of the answer is that some of the money leaves the country in the form of reported corporate profits that go back to the country of origin (parent company) of these corporations as returns for shareholders overseas. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">On the other hand, the rest of the answer is not so straightforward. Enormous sums of money disappears via illegal </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_flight" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">capital flight</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, this money often ends up in secret offshore accounts, western tax havens, and in investments outside the country from where the profits were generated. For example, much of the illicit financial outflows from Latin America undoubtedly finds its way into fine art, blue chip corporate stocks, ritzy property and mansions in Miami and New York, as well as in offshore accounts in the Bahamas, Panama, or Switzerland.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Also, prior to last years infamous ‘Panama Papers’ leak, it was generally thought that these offshore tax havens were the rogue side of the global economy only used by shady people, but the Panama Papers leaks exposed to the world that in fact these offshore accounts <b>are</b> the global economy. In that, trillions of dollars are being routed through and stashed in these secret untraceable accounts; by some estimates anywhere between 7.6 trillion to over 30 trillion dollars. With everyone from politicians, prime ministers, presidents, supreme court justices, journalists, movie stars, and outright criminals using this method to move and hide money from the public eye. </span><a href="http://the1a.org/shows/2017-04-13/the-panama-papers-one-year-later" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[34]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="http://the1a.org/shows/2017-04-13/the-panama-papers-one-year-later" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[must listen to podcast about Panama Papers here]</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="c_flight.jpg" height="352" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/zJDrWJgQqh39W0lQ205Gl5Eh-ImSyR_yGJdux7CE4vCQZQA5wPOl2Xb1RsL6soeZTHxdcQLSEV1Rr0hLPfjbA3an1LtcavpvZzZEeya1yiqhXZr36NaBypBGATIqY4018XtMhYLf" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="624" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Whether it's a corporation or individual hiding the true value of all the wealth they have sucked out of a country or it is the 'corrupt leadership' doing the same, all the money that leaves the country is </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"laundered through a labyrinthine system of offshore corporate networks, and finally secured in high-value assets in the West." </span><a href="https://www.hudson.org/research/12911-kleptocracy-inc-how-america-enables-global-corruption" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[35]</span></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nate Sibley of the Hudson Institute details it best, he writes:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"The Panama Papers gave the public an unprecedented glimpse behind this corporate veil into a vast shadow economy concealed safely offshore...At every stage of this process, the primary mechanisms for transferring stolen cash are 'anonymous' companies, trusts, and other financial instruments whose true ownership is obscured. They may appear to be owned by a string of other (equally opaque) companies, or are perhaps fronted by middlemen while real control is exercised elsewhere. Whatever the structure, the intention is the same: to conceal the true owner’s identity so they can move ill-gotten gains around the world, without any questions being asked by law enforcement agencies." </span><a href="https://www.hudson.org/research/12911-kleptocracy-inc-how-america-enables-global-corruption" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Today there are more than 60 to 80 tax havens in the world, and the vast majority of them are controlled by a handful of western countries, with the US leading the pack for hiding and legitimizing stolen wealth. </span><a href="https://www.hudson.org/research/12911-kleptocracy-inc-how-america-enables-global-corruption" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="https://philebersole.wordpress.com/tag/capital-flight/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[good video here]</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The irony here is that most of the countries that love to boast in the media about their foreign aid contributions are the same ones enabling this mass theft from developing countries. For example, the US is actually the one of the easiest countries in the world to open up a shell (secret) company to start the process of hiding money. </span><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://youtu.be/R0nHETD1wxg" style="text-decoration-line: none;">[see video here]</a></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-cc69bdb2-9d2e-24ac-2faa-4101f9363e85"></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">See also: <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2017/06/old-strategy-new-tactics-corruption_20.html#more" target="_blank">Part 3: A Look at Case Studies of Corruption Formula in Action (Part 3 of 3)</a></span></h3>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-73688437679714409382017-06-02T20:09:00.000-04:002021-05-23T17:35:28.984-04:00Old Strategy, New Tactics: The Corruption Formula, Introduction (Part 1 of 3)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 30pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Old Strategy, New Tactics:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 30pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">‘The Corruption Formula’</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #666666; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="SampleCorruptionFormulaPic.jpg" height="495" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/snbNIHpfWAA8CcdRkIIVVHDdrBbha4QNDFhBRfX1XsMpZMyLkRBcAqm_5TkralLa4-n4fZha9zx3rqAq6ILo4COyc0uWFJEQLiS-Y0z0obHyGkIu70oWTcHSIa3HLpt6wVEthsZb" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="500" /></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 18pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Why is the world so corrupt?</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">[Disclaimer: This is the first part of a 3 part blog post series. Given the nature of the topic and vast amounts of information available on it, we’ve tried to condense some of the most pertinent and relevant information to help you, the reader, to better see and understand our perspective on it. Please take the time to go through all the interactive links, videos, and references. As always, comments, suggestions, and questions are most welcome. ]</span></i></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"></span></i></span><br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Introduction</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Do you read the news? Many try to. Sometimes it is hard to read, because the news is always so depressing, and we mean </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">always</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, but as concerned citizens and Muslims we should be aware of what is going on in the world. After all, how can we as Muslims claim to care for the plight of others, especially our Muslim brothers and sisters around the world, when our knowledge of how they live only comes via filtered news, which is often limited and in many cases missing much detail? Therefore, over the last few months we've expanded our research to include a more detailed look at the history and politics of many countries, especially Muslim-majority countries. We have focused on material that helps us to understand just how many of the countries in the world today were first created, underwent political transition and the change of power, and how they continue to exist and function. In other words, how did we get to where we are today? </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Our goal was to connect this knowledge to news of current events.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now, why are we boring you, the reader with the origin and journey of our research? Because after months of careful reading, one question keeps popping up in our minds, namely: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“how is it possible that most of the world is living under a “corrupt government”?” </span></blockquote>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dozens and dozens of different countries throughout the planet, all with different cultures, religions, and types of government setups, yet all share one common denominator, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">corruption</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">!</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Just to be clear, when we say “corrupt government”, we don’t mean the type of government that the countries claim to have on paper. For instance, take the countries of Egypt or Argentina, they both claim to be some form of a “Democratic Republic”, which may or may not be true, but this doesn’t describe how the leaders actually run the country. Also, we are not referring to corruption in general terms, because every country in the world has corruption. If there’s a law on the books, there will always be bad actors that will try to break that law for some type of gain.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">What we are referring to is a government whose corruption is purposeful, systematic, and pandemic. A government whose endgame and </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sole existence</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is corruption, and most importantly, whose corruption serves the interests of those in power as well as those of a foreign power. In other words, a government whose role is NOT to serve its people, but rather to allow the family or clique in power to steal the country’s wealth, as well as multitude of foreign companies to come in and do the same. Some refer to this type of government as a </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleptocracy" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">kleptocratic government</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Another common characteristic that all these ‘corrupt governments’ have, is that the money in the county </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">flows up</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, rather than down, just like a mafia. In a normal or healthy government the country’s resources in all its forms are usually drawn from the population to the center, but then are largely distributed back downwards within the system, in the form of patronage, infrastructure, public services, decent salaries for public officials, and so on. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[1]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Most importantly, the overall money in the country, stays </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the country.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="happy.gif" height="473" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/zRHNCP3A_i0OydmBYjvCTjeYxsv9CVwqCitOhVBiqUHz873U5r7hNyQsCdrsrf92m9XeST9PHZUyDServ5gFn4uKZWa5wioWdVyzhzt59P7svF9UtvQMyQgNnLFA-SqW57B3IgDZ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="557" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">On the other hand, in these ‘corrupt governments’, the people not only pay taxes, but they also pay a barrage of extorted bribes and fines for everything you can think of. This money then moves </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">up</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> the ladder, i.e. everyone is paying someone else off, until it reaches the top. But by far, the biggest characteristic of this type government is that the money moving upwards within the system is largely sent </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">outside</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> the country altogether (that’s where offshore financial havens come into play). In addition, the corrupt leadership is getting large amounts of money from donors, but that money doesn’t stay in the country either. Overall the net gain that people living in these countries get is: minimal public services (if any), a gun to the face if you get too unhappy about it, a substandard living, and an overall life of acute injustice and lack of dignity. </span><a href="http://www.thievesofstate.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[2]</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="bad_gov.gif" height="513" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/ZwL66CY8ktpGDDNKbLMoTMcM_zE28gxaEWZK2PaMdhhvVOtBweB6s_vodQDmh7tOTadgV4DObImgg2TN97XCyx4lbR_RAfTLNIMSLI0sOrSztycLBcUbduql2VeTwrnYKT6GzrGL" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="604" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To further understand how “corrupt” this type of systemic, widespread, and purposely executed corruption can be, we will provide several different examples at the end of this post, so you the reader, can see and feel in detail what these people are living under.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now that you, the reader, understand a little clearer just what we mean by a “corrupt government”, we must ask the question again, how is it possible that the overwhelming majority of all the counties in South America, the Middle East, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Asia etc.…all have governments that fall into this category? Really think about this -- these five areas are all very different: different cultures, people, resources, politics etc.… yet they all share this horrible trait. Or ask yourself the question in reverse, how is it that Western countries (i.e. US, France, U.K. Germany, etc.) avoid this fate? Of course, they have corruption too as many are well aware and as already mentioned, but not purposely instituted pandemic corruption built from the ground up, where money flows up instead of down. Is it a coincidence or this by design? </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Well to answer this properly we must look at a little history, in particular the history of colonization.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Colonization – Old School</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The first wave of colonization began in the early 15th century when the Portuguese conquered the city of Ceuta (Northeast tip of Morocco) in 1415. </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_wave_of_European_colonization" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[3]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> This wave of Europeans using their superior ships and canons to exploit others for profit continued into the first half of the 19th century with British, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and the Dutch conquered Latin America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and parts of Asia, Africa, & the Americas. </span><a href="http://amorystarr.com/audio-recording-of-globalization-lectures/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[4]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Some refer to these centuries’ as the ‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Age of Discovery</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">’, but a more proper label would be the ‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Age of Wicked Profiteering</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">’. These centuries are marred with heinous crimes against humanity in which whole populations were decimated and cultures were destroyed, for the sole goal of getting rich by controlling foreign maritime trade. </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_wave_of_European_colonization#Destruction_of_the_Amerindian_population" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[5]</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="large.jpg" height="332" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/SLgk4pJp007Ob3omsfk5EhB75ersmep8qzIMHWLl8ANKWJumvJw6-9K_aA76YvfQJ3hJpzCYuI3M1SspLPnFQ3OtjSWx6tIqW24-97_u95dAPyhTsgOOOs6HO9F9bC1AlBUfc1bi" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="494" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The second wave of colonization is often referred to as the ‘</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Age of New Imperialism</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">’ and began during the second half of the 19th century. This is when European powers, the United States, and the Empire of Japan used advanced military technology to begin an unprecedented pursuit of territorial conquest. Their goal was to make their empires bigger through conquest and the exploitation of resources to feed each of their industrial revolutions. This is the era in which the ‘</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Scramble for Africa</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">’, America’s ‘</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_destiny" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Manifest Destiny</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">’ and ‘</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Game" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Great Game</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">’ in Asia all took place. </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Imperialism" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[6]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="http://gutenberg.us/article/WHEBN0007080593/Second%20wave%20of%20European%20colonisation" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[7]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> This wave was equally brutal to humanity, and resulted in a transition from direct control via political and military occupation to indirect control usually through “puppet” proxy rulers. </span><a href="http://gutenberg.us/article/WHEBN0007080593/Second%20wave%20of%20European%20colonisation" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[ibid]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In general, the overall purpose of colonialism was to control land, labor, natural resources, and markets to fuel the empire of the growing colonial economy. These industrial nations forcibly pushed their way upon developing nations, and then extracted value from these developing nations, just as one would from a mine or a field that you own. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://youtu.be/alJaltUmrGo?list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9" style="text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="03_imperialism_credit_wikimedia.jpg" height="467" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/lDcsnkvu33P6dn3pTwNHoVWBp2-244rmTFNYi7UD52OzfVn-r6SX2z3eOteQ6muwtw4odihwn8U3Ar34KYMa8KFVul1CXVugaKwJmOT4olJrWzHkz-s7U3lduH--V_uLFJONlvId" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="620" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Colonization – New School</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The mad dash to expand and exploit the world’s resources was very chaotic, so much so that by 1898 rival imperial countries finally collided in what is known as the Fashoda Incident between Britain and France. </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashoda_Incident" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[9]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="maps.gif" height="328" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/NcpQvj3tAo3701VTqSMdC4x7lfB8xd7GrRYp89fgDae0EIE0L4KDBJd4YCYfdyhR2Xt49rhoTT9mBkXz9FydrmZJ5eI9bLjOqIaaRUqJGqh_YGQpkjkMn6L8AvawFm7tUDPOgahk" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="657" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">War here was barely avoided, but this new fear lead to new alliances, and these new alliances were one of the main causes that eventually lead to the outbreak of World War I in 1914. This four year global war originated in Europe and was the first time weapons of mass destruction were developed and used. Over 38 million military and civilians were killed worldwide. </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[10]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Cd2ch4XV84s/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Cd2ch4XV84s?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After the devastation of WWI, all the world powers agreed that war in the new modern and industrial world was too costly and therefore must be avoided. Therefore, in 1920, the League of Nations was created. The League was the first international organization whose goal was to maintain “world peace”. However, the League had many flaws and more importantly it did not get United States support. Ultimately the League proved incapable of preventing aggression by the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) in the 1930s, and by 1939 the world powers were yet again entrenched in a world war over resources. </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[11]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> WWII was more widespread and brutal than WWI, and by its’ end in Sept 1945, the war had claimed (by some estimates) the lives of over 60 million people. </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[12]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [</span><a href="https://youtu.be/Q78COTwT7nE" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Good Videos Here</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and </span><a href="https://youtu.be/H-2q-QMUIgY" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Here</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The winners of WWII were the Allied powers (Britain, France, Soviet Union, China, and the US), who defeated the Axis powers, but by far the biggest winner was the United States. Throughout the war the US financed the other Allied powers, supplying them with billions worth of planes, tanks, food, clothing, and strategic resources, which tremendously helped the US economy. Also, aside from the attack on Pearl Harbor, the US was the only major power to avoid any domestic homeland bombing and the only power that possessed (and used) nuclear weapons. </span><a href="http://www.nationalreview.com/article/418329/why-america-was-indispensable-allies-winning-world-war-ii-victor-davis-hanson" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[13] </span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Thus, by the end of WWII, the US had graduated to the unchallenged number one superpower on the planet.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">On the other hand, the other powers were decimated by the war. Their homeland infrastructures were in shambles, their economies were now heavily indebted to the US, millions of their citizens were killed, and they no longer had the resources to keep control of their imperial colonies. </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[14]</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The end of WWII also gave birth to a new international “peacekeeping” organization, the United Nations. </span><a href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/55407.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[15]</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> After four years of intense negotiations, the Allied victors designed the UN to replace the League of Nations and to secure their future interests, that is why only the US, China, France, UK, and the Soviet Union possess veto power on the United Nations Security Council. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[Good Videos explaining structure and function of the UN here: </span><a href="https://youtu.be/aQN-ZraOjts" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a href="https://youtu.be/DaqzrbIwQeI" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">B</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a href="https://youtu.be/Eyq3AAtfmg8" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">C</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="1_UN.gif" height="366" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/YkYp-0ty22FU-ivwVw6FZ-Hpk813_XOYut8zxszdwdwpwifGFvaGYBD5FpHRrrQTiOceZLhDp1yZX5nCalAFcwfmQ7PlcAlRM-eFrFkx5JJp0lP0k41W5z-LgVvrgp4vyNtWXnCM" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="500" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="2_UN.png" height="269" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/iDKkKKtn-IWy8pM6aBxc55xBEHpDdAXM6-NUtYmek09BvwMK2jVXz8SZn3kNlkDL-h3eCx2TzcseX0om8QAWkcceD4nUtHDjgcmElEp4txXXiMFYAQrMsPqpcqQg1fQc7dpqvixQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="500" /> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It’s important to note, that without the US, the UN would not exist, or would have failed just as the League of Nations did. The other powers were well aware of this, because they needed US leadership, military might, and money for the UN to achieve its primary goal of maintaining international peace and security. Additionally, unlike the League, this time around all US leaders of both political parties, pushed for the UN too, most likely because they saw the UN as a mechanism to take a leadership role in world affairs, maintain peace among the other world powers, and to extend their reach and influence to the former European colonies and beyond. As the saying goes, “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To the victor, go the spoils</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In addition to the UN, the US also helped create both </span><a href="http://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/IMF-at-a-Glance" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the IMF</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">and</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/what-we-do" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">World Bank</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to help manage the global economy and to aid in the post WWII reconstruction.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The last event during this time worth highlighting was the creation of the US’s more robust and centralized intelligence service, </span><a href="https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/todays-cia/what-we-do" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the CIA</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, to replace its predecessor the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">OSS</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Office of Strategic Services).</span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-a496f07f-6b31-f7a2-02a1-e36307f3e70a"></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now why is all of this important? How does it tie into what we’ve dubbed, “new school colonization”? What we are putting forward and the whole purpose of this blogpost series, is to show that the US came up with a new method of colonization. A new formula if you will, whose end result is similar to old school colonization, but without the mad scramble and direct confrontation among world powers. Thus, since the end of WWII, the US (as well as other powers) has been practicing and applying this new formula to secure third world resources, strategic interests, and extend their global influence and power. But before we dive deep into this new 'formula', we must expand and understand the instruments and symbols of this formula -- namely the important roles that the IMF/World Bank and the CIA have.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: large; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>See Also: <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2017/06/old-strategy-new-tactics-corruption_12.html#more" target="_blank">The Corruption Formula: A Look at the Instruments of US Colonization (Part 2 of 3)</a></b></span></h3>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-86007338931139578292017-04-25T12:53:00.000-04:002021-05-23T17:37:17.833-04:00The Necessity of 'Amr Bil Mar'oof Wa Nahy Anil Munkar (Enjoining the Good & Forbidding the Evil) in Our Discourse<h2 dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-d46b0d53-a5f3-8e84-0766-deea173024d4" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Qur’an is the eternal source of guidance for Muslims, indeed for all mankind. According to a Prophetic </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">hadith</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, the Qur’an yields ever greater insights as human knowledge expands, yet contemporary Muslims have a frightening tendency to indulge in trivia concerning the Divine Book. Far from gaining deeper insights into the meanings of the Qur’an, many Muslims channel their energies into "proving" that modern scientific discoveries confirm Qur’anic revelations, as if the Qur’an needs such validation. There are others who have busied themselves with finding errors in the Bible. How many errors in the Bible does it take to make one a better Muslim? Yet other groups insist on watering down commandments in the Quran to mere rituals i.e. "</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">tabligh</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">" or "</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">tasawwuf</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">" to fellow Muslims, leaving out all other relevant precepts of the deen aside. These may still be considered less serious in light of the frightful arguments Muslims get into over where they should place their hands in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">salah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> or whether they should celebrate the prophet's birthday.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is at a more fundamental level that Muslims are guilty of willful distortion of the meanings of the Qur’an, and of the Sunnah and Seerah of the noble Messenger of Allah (saw). Nothing illustrates this better than the manner in which Muslims have distorted the meaning of the ayah "</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">amr bil ma’roof wa nahy anil munkar</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">". All English translations give: "To enjoin good and forbid evil", or minor variations to that effect. Let us first remind ourselves that this phrase occurs at least 28 times in the Qur’an, in various forms, which indicates its importance. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Even though once is more than enough</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The key point to note is that the Arabic word ‘</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">amr</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> is an active command, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">not</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a passive verb. Thus, Allah says: "</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">You Muslims </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">must</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">command</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> the common good and </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">forbid</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> evil</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">." This is in stark contrast to the normal Muslim understanding of the phrase as being passive. Moreover, it is not enough merely to only command the common good; one must also forbid evil. Without forbidding evil and wrong-doing, the duty of commanding the common good cannot be fulfilled. It is like trying to clean a room while permitting others to continue throwing garbage into it.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How did Muslims come to distort the meanings of the noble Qur’an and move away from its true commands, as well as proper understanding of the Sunnah and Seerah?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Most Muslims today are guilty of abandoning the duty of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">amr bil ma’roof wa nahy anil munkar</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Let us consider the divine punishment for such dereliction. In Surah </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">al-A’araf</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Allah (swt) narrates the story of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bani Israel</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> who lived on the banks of a river (al-Qur’an 7:163-166). They were prohibited from fishing on the day of the Sabbath. A group among them started to subvert this prohibition by digging a channel from the river, into which the fish swam. The channel was then blocked to prevent the fishes’ returning to the river; the next day, they would be ‘caught’. When another group of God-fearing Jews castigated them for this, a third group reprimanded them for interfering unnecessarily. If God willed to punish the first group, they argued, He would do so Himself. When God’s punishment came, only the group that had spoken out was spared; the rest were all punished.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">We need to bear in mind that these ayaat come after a long series of ayaats in this Surah in which the story of the Pharaoh’s rebelliousness is narrated in great detail. He and his people were repeatedly punished, and after each reprieve they returned to their evil ways. Finally, when Pharaoh chased Moses (as) and his followers across the Red Sea, Allah saved </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bani Israel</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> and the pursuing Pharaoh and his army perished. The group of Jews who were punished for violating the Sabbath knew the consequences of Pharaoh’s rebelliousness, yet they </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">still</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> thought that they could cheat Allah. Equally revealing is the punishment meted out to the third group which, although not involved directly, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">failed</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> to prohibit the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">munkar</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (evil). </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In yet another Surah, Allah tells us that the transgressors of Jews were condemned by both the Prophets Da’ud and Isa (peace be upon them). Further, that those who do not prohibit evil deeds when they see them, they also </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">stand condemned</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> and will be punished (see below). The duty of prohibiting munkar cannot be abandoned without opening oneself to Allah’s wrath. In a hadith the Prophet, upon whom be peace, has said that the Yahudi deviation began when one person would see another indulging in evil and would tell him to stop it; but the very next day, would dine with the offender. The Prophet then went on:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">You must command the good, forbid evil and prevent injustice, otherwise you will incur Allah’s wrath</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">" (Abu Daud, 4336). </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In another hadith, he says:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> "</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">If you abandon this duty (of commanding the good and forbidding evil), you will earn Allah’s wrath and your prayers will go unanswered</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">" </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Musnad of Ahmed ibn Hanbal, vol. 5, p.388).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 20pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Don't Judge Me Mentality</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="240" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/flcOZsKO6UTlQPniycwshsaXYeD_H_kUAWpZCGHHwXIIpna6QrX9J0x2-HnmDjdzwmcon5PcXrqr_u9p_MYbJ26Ap_30zkNMbrM5uwnvi9EHy3Dtav0OLTt55H0yF3NoL86t9b3N" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="350" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Those among the Children of Israel who disbelieved were cursed by the tongue of Dâwud (David) and 'Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary). That was because they disobeyed (Allah and the Messengers) and transgressed beyond all bounds. They habitually refused to forbid one another from the “munkar” (wrong, evildoing, sins, disbelief, etc.), that they committed. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How vile were the things they used to do!"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[Surat al-Ma’idah, v. 78-79]</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The ayahs translated above are a lesson about the past for the present day. In it, Allah (swt) informs us that two of our most important prophets cursed a large group among our predecessors, Bani Isrâ’îl (“The Children of Israel”).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For what reason, we might ask? It’s simple: those people avoided forbidding each other’s munkar (evil). They would watch each other doing clearly haram acts, and allow it to happen by remaining silent both outwardly—and even in their hearts.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">These verses continue to be a warning against following such ways. Muslims are supposed to be superior to all other nations because we help each other back to the Path should some of us fall astray. Allah (subhanahu wa ta‘ala) has an ayah in the Qur’an that mentions:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“You are the best nation amongst mankind because you command the good (Islam), you forbid evil (sins), and you believe in Allah…</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[Surat Āl ‘Imran, v. 110]</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A climate of remaining silent in the face of haram acts is foreign to the Ummah of Muhammad (SAW). However, due to secularist domination in thought and practice, this phenomenon is now prevalent within our Ummah. Just try to enjoin the good or forbid the evil; and almost instantly, you’ll get the knee-jerk response,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Who are you to judge?"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Are you better than me?" "Only God can judge me!” </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Look at X or Y, what I'm doing is not as bad as them"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Those who snarl such words want to take the shame off their shoulders and set it on those of the messenger, stigmatizing him or her for “playing judge.” Such a mentality is a byproduct of the extreme secular individualism bred in the West, not anything found in the texts or beliefs of Islam.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The secularism of the dark “Age of Enlightenment” has reduced religion to something of a private affair (“keep it in the closet!”). From this came the notion, “If I commit a sin, it is between me and my God; so stay out of my business!” The non-Muslims around us adopt this concept without hesitation; and, unfortunately, it has emerged among Muslims around the world too. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The notion that our sins are a personal issue, as opposed to a public one, has no place in Islam. Accepting someone’s alcohol/drug use, open fornication, or political collusion against other Muslims is one step closer to making the habit commonplace—if we remain silent about it. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">All of this goes against what our beloved Prophet (SAAW) expected from us. In one of the most oft-narrated ahadith the Prophet (SAAW) says: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="see_evil_change_hand_tongue_heart.jpg" height="328" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/n9rzyR-7Cuz791iShWesVlLSWvnCDa4tXVOsMg8_N2WHKlh2HBtbZ3EtGSMGoxezviBsodMZoL7WEj9wUrNdaCKMg_avBUe0tcQYwycRnB_eZI3-p6DX4EgwWKTZfLa5e50nop8j" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="328" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">So in this hadith, we are commanded to forbid any munkar, either physically (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">when we have the legitimate legal authority to do so</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">orally, by speaking up, or at least by detesting it from within (if you are unable to do the first two). </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is important to understand these components. Islam does <u>NOT</u> call nor condone senseless vigilante violence; legal political authority among Muslims would only reside on a body or entity that is empowered by Islamic law via a bayah contract and is accepted by all Muslims as legitimate Islamically to do so (not pseudo militia frauds like ISIS or Taliban or aimless nihilist violence done in the name of Islam by al-Qaeda or jihadists).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What people neglect to do is the second one. In times of universal deceit and deception, speaking up and speaking out is a political act. This is especially the case when we speak up and forbid munkars both individually as well as collectively. Only in the case of severe persecution are we then permitted to detest the evil within our hearts. Too often, either due to fear or circumstances Muslims choose the easy way out and stay silent ("</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the least of belief</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">")</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (SAAW) warned us in another hadith about the consequences of NOT forbidding each other’s munkar. He compared the society to a ship with two decks floating in a lake. He said:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Imagine that the people on the lower deck of the ship had to go to the upper deck to fetch water to drink, but one day they decided that there was no longer a need to go to the upper deck since they could easily drill a hole through the bottom of the ship. If those from the upper deck do not prevent those from the lower deck from drilling the hole, then the whole ship will end up sinking</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Imagine going over to the person drilling the hole at the bottom of your ship and asking him to stop before catastrophe strikes. Imagine if the response you got was, “Don’t judge me!”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Therefore, your sins </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">are</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a matter of public concern, with severe political consequences, even. We must care enough about each other to make sure that the norms that Muslims live and act by are Islamic. Nobody is playing “judge” just by telling you to follow Islam. Otherwise, why would Allah tell us to enjoin the good and forbid the evil?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 20pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A Culture of a Lack of Personal & Political Accountability</span></h3>
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<img alt="Accountability Cloud.jpg_256" height="256" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/STbb-nkqepxCsmz3qGJw4pU8t8qtjbwpiYMc21moEI0HvEy7p81DgK5Kuo6f_6QMdVjFuhTzYgRf8nbrrRtinm9iShZSTHMVWRuW4DOmhpre3KQ-NNaMz2pxqQ6DzTmLsvd2mgg0" style="border: medium none; transform: rotate(0rad);" title="Personal & Political Accountability" width="417" /><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Unfortunately, many Muslims do not realize the impact of saying and thinking: “Don’t judge me” Not only does it go against core Islamic values to think this way, but it eventually breeds major corruption in our public life. If we won’t help our relatives, friends, neighbors, and scholars by reminding and correcting them, then how shall we ever get the courage to expose the wrong-doing of the present age’s rulers? Especially when everyone else around us says, “Never mind, politicians always lie and governments are always corrupt!” More importantly, how shall we Muslims develop the ability to straighten out the leaders and scholars among us when they go wrong? Many of the symptoms afflicting the Muslim Ummah </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">everywhere </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">these days are a direct result of its losing this ability to adjust and correct itself.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Most Muslims today have clearly abandoned the Qur’anic duty of forbidding </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">munkar</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (evil). seeking refuge in rituals or "spirituality" is no substitute for honest accountability and responsibility towards Allah’s deen. Is it any wonder, then, that Muslims’ prayers go unanswered in the face of such horrendous crimes against us as currently occurring in Syria, Palestine, Burma, Iraq, Kashmir and elsewhere? A small group of Muslims are paying a very high price while most of us are silent spectators in the face of these atrocities against fellow Muslims.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is also important to understand where the fault really lies. There are at least 56 Muslim nation-states. The Muslim world is not poor, but its rulers are, with rare exception, cowards, traitors, and agents of colonizers and have effectively declared war on Islam and the Muslims. Most are also morally bankrupt, which makes them unfit to govern; yet Muslims have remained largely oblivious of their duty in this situation. The few who dare to speak out are often castigated by others, accused of causing </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">fitna</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (strife) or of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ghiba</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (backbiting). A few naive Muslims may sincerely fall for this argument, but there are also hordes of paid agents of these regimes who deliberately promote such thinking in order to cause confusion among Muslims. Many of the petty fiqhi divisions among Muslims are similarly promoted by agents of these regimes and the west for the same reason.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">An important principle rule of governance in Islam is that the greater the authority of a person, the greater his responsibility to live up to Islamic principles. Lying is bad if an ordinary person indulges in it, but it is infinitely worse if someone in authority is guilty of it. The same holds true for other offenses. Yet in the Muslim world, the rules are applied ruthlessly against the weak and poor, while the rich and powerful go free.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In his first sermon as Khalifah, Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) said: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I am not the best among you for this position, but I have been charged with it. Obey me so long as I obey Allah and His Messenger. If I go astray, you have no obligation to follow me; rather, you must set me right</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">." </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Muslim rulers today take exactly the opposite position. They indulge in every kind of vice but the people must not speak against them. The heavy hand of the law is used against those who do.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">After the period of the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Khulafa-ar-Rashidoon</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, the rulers tried to enlist the support of the ulema to legitimize their rule. Many ulema refused to cooperate. Imam Abu Hanifa, for instance, repeatedly refused to accept the position of qadi (judge) under the Abbassid ruler Mansoor. On one occasion, the Imam was lashed 30 times for displeasing the ruler. When Mansoor’s uncle chastised him for offending such a great scholar, he sent 30,000 dirhams as compensation. Imam Abu Hanifa refused to accept the money, and told the courier to ask Mansoor whether he had a single coin in his coffers earned by halal means. How many ulema do we have today who can stand up to our rulers?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Let us look at the House of Saud, occupiers of the Haramain. Their moral corruption is well-recorded. Were the hudood punishment of stoning adulterers applied, few members of the House of Saud would escape; there may not even be enough stones to do the job! Yet how many ulema in the Arabian peninsula defy them and fulfil their Qur’anic obligation of ‘</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">amr bil ma’roof wa nahy anil munkar</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">? These same individuals won't hesitate to yell and shout about the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">salaf-as-sallah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> or </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">proper aqueeda</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, but curiously are silent when it comes to speaking out about rulers in their own lands.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Such corruption is not confined to the House of Saud. In other places, Burma or Uzbekistan, for instance, Muslimahs are threatened with rape for daring to practice Islam. In Egypt, this has actually happened. For Muslims to remain silent in the face of such crimes is for us to become accomplices. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">One needs to remember the wrath that befell the Jews during the time of Moses for violating the prohibition on fishing on the Sabbath. The crimes that we Muslims are now guilty of are far worse.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Forbidding each other’s munkar (sins) and enjoining the good (Islam) was once the shield that protected the Muslim Ummah from falling into corruption. That shield is simple; enjoin the good (Islam), forbid the evil (sins), and believe in Allah. If we neglect this essential foundation of Islam, we will continue to wonder why Islam and Muslims are in such a lowly state and our duas are not answered. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In today's society what we are desperately missing as Muslims is not more people using physical vigilante "jihadist" means/ or hiding and isolating themselves from people but more Muslims taking the time to learn the issues; master the ability to speak and become the conduit of ideas. This is essentially what the seerah of Muhammad (saw) demonstrates during his time in Mecca. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">We are supposed to be a dignified people, an honorable people because we have Islam. So if Islam is our honor, we must practice it in private </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">and</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> public. Let us support one another by enjoining good and forbidding evil amongst ourselves with the hope that we don’t end up cursed like those condemned before us.</span></div>
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Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-56269327618798112102014-01-26T13:12:00.001-05:002022-02-28T11:26:15.898-05:00Our Credibility Problem: Its a Conspiracy <i>In light of some of the more ridiculous conspiracy theories peddled by the client regimes in Muslim lands, their employees and agents in different state-controlled media, as well as misguided Muslims in regards to world events such as September 11th, the causes of the Arab "Spring", the war in Syria, the Iraq war, or suicide bombings in Muslim lands, we present below a video of Professor Noam Chomsky castigating a 9/11 "truther" as well as a reprint of an excellent article by Brother Amir Butler below articulating why this type of thinking goes against Islam and is ultimately counterproductive.</i><br />
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<i>It should be emphasized, that in the age of social media and hyperconnectedness -- always <b>VERIFY</b> what you read from multiple sources. Furthermore, peddling well spun fiction (without any verification from reality) as opposed to studying the reality itself -- is one of the principle causes of decline of the Muslim world today.</i><br />
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<i>It is our hope here at iSiyasah that any revival of the Muslim mind would first begin by engaging with reality, studying/observing it carefully, and then going through the rigorous process of finding evidence to justify political views and thinking-- rather than in believing the lazy fantasies of conspiracy theories. </i><br />
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Our Muslim Credibility Problem: It's A Conspiracy </h3>
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By: Amir Butler</div>
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<b>Matthew:</b> It's a conspiracy.<br />
<b>Jack Bellicec:</b> What's a conspiracy?<br />
<b>Matthew:</b> Everything.<br />
<i>Invasion of the Body Snatchers</i>, 1978<br />
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Muslims have a credibility problem. In the modern era, we have a
tendency to believe and repeat wild theories, with our only criteria for
accepting those theories being that they lend support to pre-existing
attitudes. It takes an extremely sympathetic person to overlook such a
deficiency, and sympathy for Muslims in a post 9/11 West is in short
supply.<br />
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This is a deficiency that the clash-of-civilizations crowd has astutely begun to capitalize on. Pro-Israel groups like <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/aug/12/worlddispatch.brianwhitaker" target="_blank">the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)</a>
play a perpetual game of "gotcha," scouring the Arab press for the most
egregious conspiracy-peddling, then forwarding it to a network of
like-minded opinion writers as grist for the Islamophobia mill. MEMRI's
job isn't difficult.<br />
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It seems so elementary: <b><i>Don't repeat everything you hear as fact if
you don't have evidence for it. Test theories with investigation, and
modify theories in light of results. That's the scientific method that
we all learned in sixth grade</i>.<br />
</b> <br />
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The lack of a grip on this basic principle is yet another proof of the
extent of the Muslims' drift from their Islamic roots. The man who
introduced the scientific method to the world was <a href="http://lostislamichistory.com/al-biruni/" target="_blank">Abu Rayhan ibn Ahmad al-Biruni</a>, an 8th century scholar who, by the age of 17, had calculated
his hometown's latitude from the sun's altitude. "<i>His bent was strongly
towards the study of observable phenomena, in nature and in man</i>," <a href="http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2012/01/science-and-technology/al-biruni-the-great-pioneer-of-science" target="_blank">writes a Western admirer</a>.<br />
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Observable phenomena seem quite irrelevant in the Muslim world's public discourse today.<br />
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When Princess Diana died in September 1997, a number of Arab columnists
warned that she was murdered by British intelligence because she was
going to marry an Arab Muslim. Other Muslims opined that she had in fact
already converted to Islam and that she had died as a <i>shaheed</i>
(martyr). Such ideas gained currency in Muslim communities in the West
and East, with the basis for such claims being nothing more solid than
the journalistic equivalent of reading tea leaves.<br />
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When the Monica Lewinsky scandal broke, some Arab commentators claimed
it was all an elaborate "Jewish plot" to cause Clinton to be impeached
and removed from office, in order to prevent him from eventually
recognizing a Palestinian state.<br />
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The Egypt Air 990 crash in November 1999, was painted by some other
columnists as having been the result of Mossad sabotage who, by
destroying the plane along with its 271 passengers, hoped to destroy the
Egyptian tourist industry.<br />
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Likewise, it was not long after September 11, before Arab columnists
were pointing the fingers at the Jews. One such commentator, writing in
Jordan's <i>ad-Dustour</i>, pointed the finger at the "great Jewish Zionist mastermind that controls the world's economy, media and politics."<br />
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Other columnists blamed Bush, claiming he ordered the attacks to
solidify his grip on America and unify the country after the Florida
vote-counting controversy. Yet others blamed the Japanese who had
supposedly carried out September 11 as revenge for the bombings of
Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Some claimed that the Pentagon attacks never
really happened. One journalist suggested that the World Trade Center
was really blown up by a series of kerosene bombs deployed strategically
around the building. Yet more suggested the planes may have been taken
control over by NORAD and directed into the twin towers. And so on.<br />
<br />
One of the most widely heard tales in the Muslim world is that 4,000
Jews, forewarned of the impending attacks, decided to all stay home on
the morning of September 11. The tale began circulating shortly after
the attacks, in the form of a report attributed to Hezbollah's al-Manar
TV and quoting unnamed "Arab diplomatic sources." Thanks to the
Internet, the report quickly circulated throughout the world, and
continues to this day to form the underpinning for many Muslim's belief
that Jews were responsible for the attacks on September 11 (see refutation of this <a href="http://www.snopes.com/rumors/israel.asp" target="_blank">here</a>)<br />
<br />
Of course, all of these theories, while of varying degrees of
plausibility, are logically possible; sometimes, they have a grain of
truth. Repeating theories without evidence is a sign of intellectual
weakness, but it's equally absurd to assert that any claim of
behind-the-scenes influence is paranoid bigotry, or that conspiracies as
a rule do not exist. Pro-Israel groups mock Muslims for asserting that
Jewish influence dominates US foreign policy, while AIPAC brags in its
literature that it is the most influential lobby group affecting our
nation's Middle East policy.<br />
<br />
Nor can one deny that the Reagan administration traded arms for
hostages. The FBI tried to break up Martin Luther King's marriage to
derail his civil rights campaign. The US defense establishment developed
a plan in the 1960s to kill innocent people and commit acts of
terrorism in U.S. cities to create public support for a war against
Cuba. But the people who exposed these conspiracies went beyond
intuition; they dug up the <b>hard evidence</b> to back it up.<br />
<br />
No, the problem is not necessarily the theories themselves, but the
thought process that generates them or accepts them as true. If they
were formed on the basis of <u>evidence</u> and <u>rational analysis</u>, then there
would be no problem, however the methodology employed to reach such
conclusions is often anything but rational. We are like the Hindus of
the 8th century, of whom Al-Biruni wrote:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"<i>I can only compare their
astronomical and mathematical literature ... to a mixture of pearl
shells and sour dates, or of costly crystals and common pebbles. Both
kinds of things are equal in their eyes, since they cannot rise
themselves to the methods of strictly scientific deduction</i>."</blockquote>
<br />
When faced with an incident of massive scale like the Bali bombing or
the September 11 attacks, many of us search for groups or individuals
that we can charge with having acted secretly or deceptively. That's
because the alternative explanation, that Muslims were capable of doing
it, is too uncomfortable to accept. For many Muslims, the starting
assumption is invariably the Jews. For Muslims of an earlier era, it was
the Freemasons. So within hours of the Bali bombings, some Muslims were
declaring quite confidently that it was the Jews behind it, or that
America attacked Australia in order to solidify Australia's support for
the war. Such an approach is fundamentally flawed, because it leads to
conclusions being made in isolation of evidence and proper analysis of
that evidence.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr24pfqvSt5cLTFUYLmI4HAeJLufttUaQw1Q__t_8zkF3DXc0GWRWagOW7BRYJfFlZpoTb5yMw-JYwYPkVMjfKjDJbIxV7NbCECwcub-8d4232fUJZZxqtsQKfQAwAU6XImxjROaX2gf0/s1600/Xfiles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr24pfqvSt5cLTFUYLmI4HAeJLufttUaQw1Q__t_8zkF3DXc0GWRWagOW7BRYJfFlZpoTb5yMw-JYwYPkVMjfKjDJbIxV7NbCECwcub-8d4232fUJZZxqtsQKfQAwAU6XImxjROaX2gf0/s1600/Xfiles.jpg" width="160" /></a></div>
This type of thinking promises to offer a final, definitive
interpretation of events, but never does because it seeks to reach such
an end through complete disregard for evidence or concrete laws. Just as
the X-Files tells us, the truth is always out there, but is never
completely known and can never be proved conclusively.<br />
<br />
<br />
The conspirators are almost always seen as being monolithic, unified in
purpose, unshaken in their determination to fulfill their nefarious
objectives and almost omnipresent. For example, recall the Jordanian
journalist who warned against the "great Jewish Zionist mastermind that
controls the world's economy, media and politics". The conspiracy
theorist oversimplifies and personalizes every event, ignoring the
complexities of the situation. Do Jews control the media, or do they
influence it? There is a subtle difference. The conspiracy theorist will
affirm the former, whereas the latter is demonstrably true. Jews, like
other social and political forces, exert pressure on the media through
advertising expenditure, participation in the media industry, and so
forth.<br />
<br />
Anything that occurs which seems in any way related to the aims of the
conspirators is attributed to them. For instance, Bali, quite unrelated
to Middle Eastern politics on the face of it, was linked to Israel
because it was argued that Israel benefited from the attack because it
discredited Muslims and therefore strengthened Israeli arguments at the
Palestinians.<br />
<br />
Evidence or arguments that are actually contrary to the conspiracy
theorists position get contorted to actually support the conspiracy. For
example, one points out that the 4,000 Jews story is not credible
because no reputable media source outside of the Hezbollah substantiated
it. The conspiracy theorist may reply that the failure of the media to
report the story confirms that it was indeed true. Jews, he will opine,
own the media and so naturally they would cover up for their own.<br />
<br />
As such, it is almost impossible to reason with a person who has adopted these thought processes. As Donna Kossy writing in <i>Kooks: A Guide to the Outer Limits of Human Belief</i> noted:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Conspiracy theories are like black holes--they suck in everything
that comes their way, regardless of content or origin...Everything
you've ever known or experienced, no matter how 'meaningless', once it
contacts the conspiratorial universe, is enveloped by and cloaked in
sinister significance. Once inside, the vortex gains in size and
strength, sucking in everything you touch.</i></blockquote>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjn1V168jZEkg6btISViZb4hIlwKdNmpxkcv0NG3Pof06XQ4-jLjPBGV1aOb-F_HVBcLhBiHRp4f2S3QlIHb8XMFNDnzjCoRgb6WvklQzmNPSO_nuOMld7akA9hl06GP70jjzWuh51HXc/s1600/USconspiracy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjn1V168jZEkg6btISViZb4hIlwKdNmpxkcv0NG3Pof06XQ4-jLjPBGV1aOb-F_HVBcLhBiHRp4f2S3QlIHb8XMFNDnzjCoRgb6WvklQzmNPSO_nuOMld7akA9hl06GP70jjzWuh51HXc/s1600/USconspiracy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
The attractiveness of such theories is that they simplify complex issues
and make them more comprehensible and palatable to our desires. We can
easily rationalize our present problems, by blaming them on an almost
omnipotent and omnipresent 'other' that has manipulated the world around
us, leaving us powerless to change or stop it. In doing so, it assuages
our sense of helplessness by personifying the source of our problems
down to a set of identifiable individuals; whether it be the Jews,
freemasons, Bilderberg Group, or the Illuminati. Being able to blame
someone is an integral part of maintaining the faux-victimhood that many
Muslims today thrive on.<br />
<br />
However, such approaches do severe damage to the cause of Islam and the Muslims.<br />
<br />
Firstly, the propagation, however earnest, of such ideas has led to
Muslims now facing a crisis of credibility. The association of Muslims
with extremist groups and discredited material like the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" target="_blank"><i>Protocols of the Elders of Zion</i></a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_International_Jew" target="_blank"><i>The International Jew</i></a> provides our enemies with easy fodder to attack us.<br />
<br />
Secondly, the adoption of these theories leads us to enter into
alliances, whether overt or tacit, with organizations and individuals
that we should be opposed to. For example, in the aftermath of September
11, the <i>Arab News</i> was running articles by American neo-nazi, <a href="http://www.davidduke.com/" target="_blank">David Duke</a>, and other Muslims were signing petitions for the right-wing <a href="http://www.rickross.com/reference/larouche/larouche29.html" target="_blank">Lyndon Larouche cult</a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibMumyXxD_enjRuvEki2HRUpLDcUIPUKTB0C5KJXK6-dWwqHvANasJ1CnfVVZvFTSdVvkoa5F-wzAj9xJ1N1vwNeJpF8qrc00HBopjkjUKMJrTveLnFlaWRiiufn2zIMIGLHJ1pRrArxI/s1600/conspiracy+cartoon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibMumyXxD_enjRuvEki2HRUpLDcUIPUKTB0C5KJXK6-dWwqHvANasJ1CnfVVZvFTSdVvkoa5F-wzAj9xJ1N1vwNeJpF8qrc00HBopjkjUKMJrTveLnFlaWRiiufn2zIMIGLHJ1pRrArxI/s1600/conspiracy+cartoon.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
Thirdly, when we promote such baseless theories, we should know that
such ideas are competing with reality for the attention and energies of
the people. In many cases, the conspiracy will win over reality because
conspiracies are often a lot more attractive to our desires than the
truth. It leads to wasted time, wasted resources, and a loss of focus for
Muslims. <br />
<br />
Fourthly, as Muslims we follow a religion whose Creator ordered us to
rationalize our faith by observing the world around us and witnessing
the miracle of God's creation. Ours is not a religion where reason and
reality are pummeled into submission by blind faith. It therefore goes
against everything we believe for our intellect to acquiesce to
conspiracy theorizing and urban myths.<br />
<br />
Lastly, and most importantly, conspiracy theories have led Muslims to
ignore the most fundamental cause of our problems, whilst focusing on
the machinations of the Freemasons or the Zionists. Subscribing to many
of the contemporary conspiracy theories can breed feelings of
helplessness and despondency. We sit, drinking coffee, lamenting, in
hushed tones, our powerlessness against a Masonic conspiracy hatched by
the Knights Templar in Medieval Europe; a plan now being executed
through backmasked Michael Jackson songs and Madonna videos. In doing
so, we are distracting ourselves from our own failings as Muslims which
have more genuinely contributed to our condition.<br />
<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="postcontent lastedited">
</blockquote>
Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-55059081514576084312013-12-15T11:37:00.001-05:002014-02-01T00:44:55.239-05:00Destroying Islam & Rebuilding It in the Image of the West<span id="goog_1295431155"></span><span id="goog_1295431156"></span><br />
<div id="post_message_19016">
</div>
<div id="post_message_19016">
<b> </b><i>As we have previously mentioned in our write-up<b> </b><a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2013/09/20-questions-for-hamza-yusuf-his.html" target="_blank">here</a> and <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2013/10/20-questions-for-hamza-yusuf-his.html" target="_blank">here</a>, rockstar Muslim "celebrity sheikhs" and their groupies are not a pathway towards political and intellectual revival. In order for Muslims and the general public to understand why this is the case, it is necessary to look back in time and see historically just how Muslim intellectual life was politically subverted via colonial interference and foreign control. This short write-up from over a decade ago, accurately and succinctly describes the colonial process necessary for controlling the minds and intellectual life of people residing in the Muslim World. This form of colonialism was more insidious and long lasting - the shackles were mental and invisible -- but much much stronger. The names/faces and hyped up personalities may change but the process remains essentially the same.</i></div>
<div id="post_message_19016">
</div>
<div id="post_message_19016">
<i>It is our view here at iSiyasah that any form of revival -- if it is to be genuine-- must actively work to undo these mental shackles and intellectual barriers to build an alternative and independent political and ideological order. </i></div>
<div id="post_message_19016">
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Destroying and Rebuilding Islam in the image of the west</b></h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
By Yusuf Progler</div>
<br /></div>
<div id="post_message_19016">
<br />
As the Christian millennium looms, Muslims - rather than joining the
celebrations - might fruitfully use the occasion to consider the
Christian and western influence and impact on Islamic civilization.
Beginning with the Crusades, and for nearly a millennium since, western
Christian colonial and cultural incursions into the Muslim world are
characterized by dastardly acts and destruction. Consider, for example,
this case:<br />
<br />
"<i>They opened fire with cannons and bombs on the houses and quarters,
aiming specially at the mosque, firing at it with those bombs. They
also fired at suspected places bordering the mosque, such as the market.
And they trod in the mosque with their shoes, carrying swords and
rifles. Then they scattered in its courtyard and its main praying area
and tied their horses to the qibla. They ravaged the students' quarters
and ponds, smashing the lamps and chandeliers and breaking up the
bookcases of the students and the scribes. They plundered whatever they
found in the mosque, such as furnishings, vessels, bowls, deposits, and
hidden things from closets and cupboards. They treated the books and
Qur'anic volumes as trash, throwing them on the ground, stamping on them
with their feet and shoes. Furthermore they soiled the mosque, blowing
their spit in it, and urinating and defecating in it. They guzzled
wine and smashed the bottles in the central court and other parts. And
whoever they happened to meet in the mosque they stripped. They chanced
upon someone in one of the student residences and slaughtered him</i>."<br />
<br />
When people first read this quote, some think it depicts the Christian
expulsion of Muslims from Spain, while others see in it more
contemporary events, such as the Christian genocide of Muslims in
Bosnia. Certainly the deeds and barbarities described are consistent
with many instances of western atrocities against Muslims. Murder,
plunder, destruction, humiliation - Muslims have suffered all of these
at the hands of western invaders.<br />
<a name='more'></a>But the event described above is
significant for a number of reasons not apparent in the text. Mosques
can be rebuilt, and people will be born to replace those who were
slaughtered. The task of <b>lasting colonization</b> would require more than
bombs and barbarities: it needed a plan which would alter the very
foundations of Muslim civilization, as embodied in its beliefs and
taught in its schools. In fact, the quote above describes the French
attack on Al-Azhar, during their invasion and occupation of Egypt in
1798 CE, as described by Muslim scholar Abdul-Rahman al-Jabarti in his
Chronicle. <br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTQ557NGilPBUPaA8yU0Le9qFG1Hc7qALHYSV8yE8xM911aP2cfl4PJPUTgpenNSQZw5c632pL_IpiZ2VrOrUe9I34yEILXz4QWiHVdL8F-nUKWzFNihEeyp-DVFignmA8fUjsV5wvdVA/s1600/alazhar.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTQ557NGilPBUPaA8yU0Le9qFG1Hc7qALHYSV8yE8xM911aP2cfl4PJPUTgpenNSQZw5c632pL_IpiZ2VrOrUe9I34yEILXz4QWiHVdL8F-nUKWzFNihEeyp-DVFignmA8fUjsV5wvdVA/s1600/alazhar.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Modern day Al Azhar in Egypt</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1eUJIgwrLLQosi7OzVY_zVnOrOS-rUT-ctqa-lBn4SONFN7Ep_mezVrqFpQSqaFW7vArUpkN760ZYGrvyUnYux8Q83muz7_3hJ5_By3fyNQVfECEkfwzDgUnLU0_vJSRmet0r6aIXlbU/s1600/Egypt-Napoleons-Campaign-Map-1798.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1eUJIgwrLLQosi7OzVY_zVnOrOS-rUT-ctqa-lBn4SONFN7Ep_mezVrqFpQSqaFW7vArUpkN760ZYGrvyUnYux8Q83muz7_3hJ5_By3fyNQVfECEkfwzDgUnLU0_vJSRmet0r6aIXlbU/s1600/Egypt-Napoleons-Campaign-Map-1798.jpg" height="304" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of Napoleon's Campaign in Egypt</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Led by Napoleon, the French attempted to cut British
communication with the Eastern wing of its Empire. To present this
adventure as being in the interests of Muslims, Napoleon claimed to be
the liberator of Arabs from Turks. But Jabarti, and many others,
denounced the occupation. The French soon realized that their biggest
resistance would come from pious Muslims. <span id="goog_1295431153"></span><span id="goog_1295431154"></span>With their attack on
Al-Azhar, and other institutes of Islamic learning, they began
concentrating on killing or subverting scholars, while tempting students
away from the Islamic system by appealing to weaknesses for the dunya.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF9TY9U8Bjkif23h-G9z7_VMXp_gCc3MGvuGe2rtstuSpnSwBlsiGzHOJdcXGOFLLsA9Lp8JqqmRmo5zoLDXvGtNG8BDMjxuUDXy8MeXyhKbh7dzLMGm_l9Hd33p3JJOXPUcaobt4apwk/s1600/379px-Napoleon-in-Egypt-(1868)-Gerome.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF9TY9U8Bjkif23h-G9z7_VMXp_gCc3MGvuGe2rtstuSpnSwBlsiGzHOJdcXGOFLLsA9Lp8JqqmRmo5zoLDXvGtNG8BDMjxuUDXy8MeXyhKbh7dzLMGm_l9Hd33p3JJOXPUcaobt4apwk/s1600/379px-Napoleon-in-Egypt-(1868)-Gerome.jpg" height="320" width="202" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Liberator" - Napoleon Bonaparte in Egypt</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
A
few decades later, in 1845, a French military officer in Algeria
proclaimed:<br />
<br />
'<i>In effect the essential thing is to gather into groups this
people which is everywhere and nowhere; the essential thing is to make
them something we can seize hold of. When we have them in our hands, we
will then be able to do many things which are quite impossible for us
today and which will perhaps allow us to capture their minds after we
have captured their bodies.</i>'<br />
<br />
Having been thwarted by Islamic
resistance in the Algerian hinterland, as elsewhere, the French realized
that they needed a strategy, part of which required the rounding up and
enumeration of the people they sought to control. Schools served this
purpose well, and soon selected Algerians were being educated in French
schools, where they could be easily '<i>seized hold of</i>' and rewarded with
positions of nominal authority in the emerging French colonial
establishment.<br />
<br />
The thinking in French intellectual circles was that, eventually, the
very roots of Islamic culture, the main threat to their designs in the
region, would have to be ripped out. As French author Fenelon noted in
his novel Telemaque in 1867, <i> </i><br />
<br />
<i>"We, the masters, should seize on our
subjects in their early youth. We shall change the tastes and habits of
the whole people. We shall build up again from the very foundations
and teach the people to live a frugal, innocent, busy life after the
pattern of our laws</i>."<br />
<br />
The novel was more than conjecture or fantasy.
It was also a blueprint. Since it was not enough to kill the Islamic
scholars and subvert the students away from Islam, the colonizers needed
to root out Islam from ordinary people, who retained a strong faith.
The way to do this was through the children. Again, schools were pressed
into service of the colonial state, to 'change the tastes and habits of
the whole people.'<br />
<br />
In 1893, only a few generations after Napoleon's arrival, the
colonization of selected segments of the Muslim populace in North Africa
was complete. Convinced that "West was Best", the editor of an Egyptian
academic journal, lamenting on the supposed 'backwardness' of his
people, wrote, <i>"It is we who have placed ourselves in this position.
There is one thing that unites us all in the Orient: our past greatness
and our present backwardness</i>." But these were not original thoughts:
he wrote those words only after consulting with his masters, a group of
French orientalists who at the time were developing hierarchical
theories of human development, putting white Christians on top. Dazzled
by western military power and technocratic rule, many Muslims did not
realize that they were participating in their own colonization, and
imposing a colonial order on their own people.<br />
<br />
One of the most
influential French orientalists among Egyptian intellectuals and rulers
was Gustav Le Bon. His work on the 'psychological laws of the evolution
of peoples' helped form the nationalist ideas of Muslim scholars like
Muhammad Abduh. <br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYBo-TA_M_orqqe9z7_snUnRiZQB6wyIBDd2B_IH3d58M_L1TchsXyt9qclhcI8NiAus8Qt8M0FOWLew6fYLPBnYij9HPLAZSxbayH-7SVDcG9p80CIZOj4OFPDJSbp7tQ3aiE7h9QV_E/s1600/Muhammad_Abduh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYBo-TA_M_orqqe9z7_snUnRiZQB6wyIBDd2B_IH3d58M_L1TchsXyt9qclhcI8NiAus8Qt8M0FOWLew6fYLPBnYij9HPLAZSxbayH-7SVDcG9p80CIZOj4OFPDJSbp7tQ3aiE7h9QV_E/s1600/Muhammad_Abduh.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Early modernizing 2nd rate secularist Abduh</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Abduh, along with other Egyptian nationalists, used the
now-discredited racialist theories of Le Bon and other French social
scientists like Emile Durkheim to formulate a vision of modernist Islam,
in complete conformity with then current western theories of science
and society. While the theories of Le Bon and Durkheim soon came to be
viewed with a critical eye in the west, their legacy lived on in the
East, to the extent that reformist Muslim thinking along the lines of
people like Abduh survives in the Muslim world.<br />
<br />
In 1910, American president Theodore Roosevelt visited Egypt to deliver
an address at the newly opened National University in Cairo.
Roosevelt, ironically also an avid reader of Gustav Le Bon, proclaimed
that the Egyptian people were 'not sufficiently evolved' to deserve
self-government, his arrogance blinding him to the century of
colonization that produced the modern confusion of Islamic identity in
the Arab Muslim world. And, after nearly a century of adjusting Arab
Muslim culture toward the west, the western powers still viewed Islam as
a potential threat to their designs in the region. To the extent that
local rulers were dependent on the west, they, too, supported further
adjustments. But Islam remained one of the key stumbling blocks to
colonial designs. A systematic attack on Islam had begun nearly a
century earlier, soon after Napoleon's invasion, when Hasan al-Attar was
sent to study in Napoleon's Institut d'Egypte in Paris. Later a shaykh
at Al-Azhar, he taught Tahtawi, who was instrumental in westernizing
Egyptian schools and translating the works of French social scientists.
Tahtawi's work, in turn, influenced a new generation of reform-minded
Muslims associated with Al-Azhar, including Abduh. Soon, another student
at the newly adjusted Al-Azhar, Mustafa Abd al-Raziq, whose father was
associated with Abduh, later studied at the feet of the French
sociologist Emile Durkheim at the Sorbonne. Upon returning to Egypt,
Abd al-Raziq taught Philosophy at the Egyptian University, and, in 1945,
he became the Rector of Al-Azhar. Al-Azhar, like other centers of
Muslim learning, had ceased to be a place of resistance to colonization,
emerging instead as a quietist, legitimizing force. Beginning with
bombs and proceeding through leadership at the hands of western-trained
scholars, the neutralization of places like Al-Azhar was nearly complete
by the late-20th century. Once the seedbeds of resistance to the west,
many institutions of higher learning became part of the colonial order.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJlGJ7QeRIG4ZjgsklHJYWPzdCdHEfCCEtA1l6CjR2ez28mvZpWedGRvZcNgIN_FGdyuDIhWQgi-U5NjCOeaMzP6q4JsFpfWtb2wGNWwlj8IzJYfkfNYpMFbsAklmZz7YG7QbzfgUckdc/s1600/ModernDayColonialists.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJlGJ7QeRIG4ZjgsklHJYWPzdCdHEfCCEtA1l6CjR2ez28mvZpWedGRvZcNgIN_FGdyuDIhWQgi-U5NjCOeaMzP6q4JsFpfWtb2wGNWwlj8IzJYfkfNYpMFbsAklmZz7YG7QbzfgUckdc/s1600/ModernDayColonialists.jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Modern Day "Liberators"/ Colonialists from the US in Iraq desecrating a Masjid </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp6WoRtTq-Lkacsm3MVOKr3EFRgL4u77cpJNItFsZ2CiJxYD6Uzxeoyt45fahryzbb_LvNiUlIBKRn9KGKYMMmLD08mFumMntxWZ7LjhKbaQ-nbgvAkK7bBBml9Pcci-TyZ5_O2WXnaWg/s1600/BushQazwini2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp6WoRtTq-Lkacsm3MVOKr3EFRgL4u77cpJNItFsZ2CiJxYD6Uzxeoyt45fahryzbb_LvNiUlIBKRn9KGKYMMmLD08mFumMntxWZ7LjhKbaQ-nbgvAkK7bBBml9Pcci-TyZ5_O2WXnaWg/s1600/BushQazwini2.jpg" height="157" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Modern Day Colonizer with imperial "sheikhs" for hire</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
The case of Al-Azhar illustrates a two-pronged western methodology for
its assault on Islam: destroy and subvert the traditional Islamic
foundations, while building a new set of west-directed foundations,
including the key pillar of an unquestioned reliance on the western
sciences. Until this is clearly understood, any movement toward the
Muslims' liberation is liable to achieve little more than may be
achieved simply by continuing colonization.</div>
<div id="post_message_19016">
<br />
<br /></div>
Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-52416656847934752672013-10-29T12:20:00.001-04:002021-05-23T17:37:40.026-04:0020 Questions for Hamza Yusuf & His Followers (2/2)<h2>
</h2>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
</h2>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">(Part II #11-20, <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2013/09/20-questions-for-hamza-yusuf-his.html" target="_blank">Continued from Part I</a>)</span></h2>
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
Disturbing Thoughts & Behavior of Groupies</h3>
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<br />
11. Like Boy bands and Britney Spears we are aware that you, "Sheikh" Hamza Hanson have your share of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupie" target="_blank">Groupies</a>, lackeys, and even stalkers. Given the sorry state of Islamic identity among Muslims in the West, most especially among the 2nd generation native born South Asian Muslims in North America (i.e. your core groupies) this problem is probably much more pronounced. You see 2nd generation Muslims of a certain socio-economic status have a deep seated inferiority complex to American society, its why they have to go to Non-Muslim academic institutions in the West to learn Islam from Non-Muslim professors and teaching assistants in "Islamic" studies departments. Never mind that many of these same institutions could care less about this subject or<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Universities-Empire-Politics-Social-Sciences/dp/1565845196" target="_blank"> have historically been engaged in far more research and projects</a> <a href="http://www.alternet.org/education/pentagon-funds-terror-studies-dissect-and-neutralize-dissenters" target="_blank">funded by the armed forces</a> to <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Compromised-Campus-Collaboration-Universities-Intelligence/dp/0195053826/ref=pd_sim_b_1" target="_blank">grow/maintain the American empire overseas</a> or <a href="http://www.crescent-online.net/2009/09/book-exposes-saudi-role-in-subverting-islam-rahhalah-haqq-1880-articles.html" target="_blank">are at war with Islam itself</a>.<br />
<br />
Your conversion to Sufi Islam as a Caucasian male is all the reassurance someone suffering from a deep seated inferiority complex or identity crisis and who lacks any type of backbone, spine, or thought process to assert an independent identity of their own needs to have to practice their own faith. So bravo on that!<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
All that being said we find some disturbing patterns amongst your followers/groupies, particularly:<br />
<br />
A. Worshipping Hamza Yusuf (and other converts) to the point of <i>shirk</i> or idolatry, one example:<br />
<a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Writers_Forum/message/5059" target="_blank">The Voice of God: Hamza Yusuf</a><br />
<br />
B. Maybe it comes from the fact that the US Corporate Media markets and sells you as a "<a href="http://www.paklinks.com/gs/religion-and-scripture/42913-humza-yusuf-rock-star-for-new-muslim-generation.html" target="_blank">Rock Star</a>"<br />
for 2nd generations Muslims: <a href="http://www.elanthemag.com/new_site/the-rise-of-the-rockstar-imams/" target="_blank">Rise of the American Rockstar Imams</a><br />
(incidentally the same "rockstars" mentioned in this link are the same ones mentioned as needing<br />
promotion and media hype by the British govt. above-- what sheer coincidence!)<br />
<br />
C. Maybe its this "rockstar" mentality that fosters groupies who go on to express sentiments such as this:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
“<i>Adab</i>, <i>in my current context meant that we were NOT to question or challenge a shaykh openly, for “traditional learning” required that a student abide by the didactic method, and acknowledge the “superior education” of a shaykh. Politely written questions were okay, but we were in no place to be disagreeing with the shayookh. We were NOT allowed to refuse what was being fed to us.”</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>“The next evening, while we waited for Hamza Yusuf to arrive, I heard a young woman standing behind me tell her friend, “<b>Even if Hamza Yusuf had three wives, I would kill to be his fourth wife!</b>” What followed was the distinct sound of my brain shrinking</i>.”</blockquote>
Source: <a href="http://fatemathoughts.blogspot.com/2005/01/two-interesting-article-on-shia.html" target="_blank">Zaytuna's Smelly Kebabs, by Nassim Mobasher<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms"; font-size: 130%;"></span></a><br />
<br />
Our questions are:<br />
<br />
12. Do you "Sheikh" Hamza Hanson agree with this mentality and borderline worship of yourself by<br />
your followers/groupies? If not, is it true that you offer your hands and body parts for your blind<br />
followers/sheep to literally kiss?<br />
<br />
13. Do you feel that these sentiments above are a natural biproduct of things that you yourself teach<br />
and are well known hallmarks of Sufism such as: <a href="http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/misc/mhfatwa.htm" target="_blank">unquestioning blind obedience/taqleed to</a><br />
<a href="http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/misc/mhfatwa.htm" target="_blank"> sheikhs</a>? In your view does a mindset like this lead to any kind of political or intellectual revival<br />
of any kind?<br />
<br />
<h3>
Disturbing Associations with Known Neo-Con Backed Muslims & Arab Client Regimes Overseas</h3>
<br />
14. The above then helps segue to questions regarding your associations with known neo-conservative<br />
endorsed Muslims/Muslim personalities. The very first one that comes to mind is Hisham<br />
Kabbani. Kabbani and the Sufi Muslim Council are fully exposed <a href="http://sufimuslimcouncil.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
<br />
Given your photos <a href="http://www.sunnah.org/events/hamza/khatry.htm" target="_blank">here</a>:<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDX7iwNQtbSp_ikp4w48xS-uFNEwLYftWRJdapPBWRG7XsBJGC8uB9j1Edwjv7GlSuWp09b9di5bAPH2bhYj6POtEup0C7xr6fB6cciGjCwICFFMTCUv1OFjQUi2cIOVev7p5hwNGKUZk/s1600/KabbaniYusufKhatry.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br />
We understand that for matters of political convenience you <a href="http://www.oocities.org/capitolhill/senate/8841/hamza.txt" target="_blank">had to condemn Kabbani</a> when he made his <a href="http://www.oocities.org/capitolhill/senate/8841/statedept.txt" target="_blank">ridiculous statements about Muslims in America and Muslim organizations</a> (and was <a href="http://128.121.78.59/islamnews/kabbani.html" target="_blank">condemned by them in turn</a>), but what exactly was/is your relationship with Kabbani and what is it like now? Part of the reason we ask, is that one of your cohorts, Mr.<a href="http://www.divinity.cam.ac.uk/directory/timothy-winter" target="_blank"> TJ Winter at Cambridge University</a> aka "Abdul Hakim Murad" had this to say in his essay "<a href="http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/ahm/recapturing.htm" target="_blank">Recapturing Islam from the Terrorists</a>" after 9/11:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
“<i>Two years ago, Hisham Kabbani of the Islamic Supreme Council of America<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ftnref1" title="_ftnref1"></a>, warned of the dangers of mass terrorism to American cities; and he was brushed aside as a dangerous alarmist. Muslim organizations are no doubt beginning to regret their treatment of him. The movement for traditional Islam<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ftnref2" title="_ftnref2"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup> </sup></span>will, we hope, become enormously strengthened in the aftermath of the recent events, accompanied by a mass exodus from Wahhabism, leaving behind only a merciless hardcore of well-financed zealots. Those who have tried to take over the controls of Islam, after reading books from we-know-where, will have to relinquish them, because we now know their destination</i>."</blockquote>
Given your known associations and studying with TJ Winter a simple clarification on this would do.<br />
<br />
15. What was/is your UK Followers associations with the neo-conservative backed and UK govt.<br />
funded <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Quilliam_Foundation" target="_blank">Quilliam Foundation</a>. Again we are compelled to ask because this group openly claims<br />
you helped to <a href="http://www.patheos.com/blogs/altmuslim/2007/06/ed_husain_my_qualm_is_with_islamism_and_not_with_islam/" target="_blank">"inspire" them</a> and secretly endorse them. You certainly didn't have a<br />
problem <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZiblWQKDCs&html5=1" target="_blank">sharing a stage with one of them</a>. They openly call for the following:<br />
<ul>
<li>Advocating that the British govt spy on the ENTIRE Muslim community in the UK <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/oct/16/spying-morally-right-says-thinktank" target="_blank">here</a> and <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/oct/16/anti-terrorism-strategy-spies-innocents" target="_blank">here</a> up to and including what books children check out from the library, what kids talk about on playgrounds at Muslim schools, and the health, medical, and sexual histories of ALL Muslims up and down the UK through the government run health service. (Incredibly ironic considering the disclosures of Edward Snowden in the US <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/aug/01/nsa-paid-gchq-spying-edward-snowden" target="_blank">regarding the NSA & UK govt</a>)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/apr/21/allmodcons" target="_blank">Support for the war in Iraq</a> as well as <a href="http://www.thejc.com/campus/campus-news/38290/ex-islamist-ed-husain-attacks-hate-speaker" target="_blank">Muslim recognition of Israel </a>as a precondition and requirement to be considered "moderate" and capable of being engaged with.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>An<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/aug/04/quilliam-foundation-list-alleged-extremism" target="_blank"> enemies list of groups, organizations, and people</a> that the British government should abstain from engaging with, unless they embrace neo-conservative British principles.</li>
</ul>
It is no wonder that this group with 3 <a href="http://theislamist.wordpress.com/2007/09/26/who-is-rashad-zaman-ali/" target="_blank">personally</a>, <a href="http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/9761095" target="_blank">academically</a>, <a href="http://liberationparty.blogspot.com/2007/07/ed-husein-british-neo-conservative-in.html" target="_blank">Islamically suspect ,</a>and <a href="https://coolnessofhind.wordpress.com/2016/10/13/deception-in-the-war-on-terror-and-the-hypocritical-concerns-of-the-counter-extremists/" target="_blank">failed </a><br />
personalities at the helm of it has been thoroughly shunned by the Muslim community (at least from<br />
those not slavish and degraded enough to need a job from them anyway). With ZERO grass roots<br />
support (something admitted by its Director <a href="http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/4594104.Council_attacked_for_Islam_training_choice/" target="_blank">here</a>):<br />
<br />
<i>A Quilliam Foundation spokesman said it ran a political workshop and did not need </i><br />
<i> grassroots in the community because it was an<b> ideological movement</b>...We are <u><b>not</b></u> a </i><br />
<i> ‘representative’ organisation <b>nor</b> are we a local grassroots movement. We are a think-tank </i><br />
<i> which critiques and analyses the Islamist ideology.</i><br />
<br />
its no wonder they rely <a href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/UK+Govt.+doles+out+a+million+pounds+to+anti-extremist+think+tank.-a0212311623" target="_blank">wholly on British govt support</a> (even if they end up <a href="http://www.craigmurray.org.uk/archives/2009/11/quilliam_founda/" target="_blank">pocketing and stealing </a><br />
<a href="http://www.craigmurray.org.uk/archives/2009/11/quilliam_founda/" target="_blank">some of it </a>). When that wasn't enough to pay the bills, the Gaddafi regime in Libya (working through<br />
their intelligence asset <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Noman_Benotman" target="_blank">Noman Benotman</a>) helped defray some of the costs, as alleged (and not<br />
denied) <a href="http://www.thejc.com/blogs/martin-bright/quilliams-libyan-connection" target="_blank">here</a> and <a href="http://www.thejc.com/comment-and-debate/analysis/46735/quilliam-must-take-care-over-its-funds" target="_blank">here</a>. It also helps to explain why both co-founders of the Quilliam Foundation<br />
consider oil monarchies/dictatorships Islamicly legitimate forms of government:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"<i>But he agrees with me that the regimes in the Muslim world <b>are legitimate</b> and that just as the Ahl al-Sunnah persevered through the tyranny of Hajjaj bin Yusuf, we should counsel Muslim rulers, exercise sabr, be abundant in dua, and work for political change with and not against the hukkam</i>"</blockquote>
"Ed" Husain, Source: <a href="http://sumayyahevans.blogspot.com/2007/06/beware-of-those-who-sell-their-deen-for.html" target="_blank">Comment on Blogpost </a><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"<i>Islam, on the other hand, is ENTIRELY COMPATIBLE with not just democracies, but monarchies and dictatorships. Islam did not invent any of these, but can survive in all of them. This may come as a surprise to many “moderate” Muslims who claim that Islam is inherently democratic. However, again, I believe that such “moderates” make the same mistake as Islamists by imposing their own very modern political ideals on centuries-old religious scripture</i>."<br />
<br />
Majid Nawaz, Source: <a href="http://www.thenutgraph.com/leaving-religious-extremism/" target="_blank">Leaving Religious Extremism</a></blockquote>
Given all of the above from publicly cited sources, when you were PUBLICLY questioned about them you <a href="http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/9699" target="_blank">refused to given an answer.</a> What was and is your relationship with the <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Quilliam_Foundation#Neocon_Nexus" target="_blank">neo-conservative backed</a> Quilliam Foundation founders Ed (Mohammed Mahbub) Husain, Majid Nawaz, and Rashad Zaman Ali? Why is "Ed" Husain <a href="https://sandala.org/About-Hamza-Yusuf" target="_blank">featured on your website as a 'success' story of your efforts</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "verdana" , sans-serif;">He (Hamza Yusuf) has drawn criticism from both the extreme right in the West and Muslim extremists in the East. Ed Hussain has written that Hamza Yusuf’s teachings were 'instrumental' to his abandoning extremism. </span></blockquote>
<br />
16. This also ties in to a larger point about your activities overseas, specifically in regards to your TV program "Rihlah" or "Yallah ya Shabab" on MBC in the United Arab Emirates. The questions are namely:<br />
<ul>
<li>Who pays for this program?</li>
<li>How much were you compensated for lending legitimacy to the regime for putting this program on? </li>
<li>Given the efforts of Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain in suppressing dissent in the "Arab Spring", did that ever come up as a topic on any of your episodes? If not, why not? </li>
</ul>
<a href="http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/story?id=7402099" target="_blank">Here</a> is one example that might help you understand why this <b>is </b>an issue in day-to-day life of people living over there. Again, we are reminded of this<a href="http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/d/desmondtut106145.html" target="_blank"> quote by Desmond Tutu</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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17. Along the same vein, when you held Rihla's and 'retreats' for your followers did you ever bother to raise a peep about people only a few miles away from you who were being tortured to death at the behest of the US Govt in <a href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/cia-tapes-prove-morocco-rendition/story-e6frg6so-1225907071320" target="_blank">dungeons in Morocco </a>or by the <a href="http://www.albawaba.com/news/rendition-syria-torture-468616" target="_blank">Assad regime in Syria</a>? This, despite the fact, that the Moroccan regime has been <a href="http://arabist.net/blog/2012/2/21/king-hassan-of-morocco-and-the-queen.html" target="_blank">well exposed</a> and the Syrian one is currently <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2401529/Syria-Eyewitness-report-child-victims-doctor-Assads-chemical-war-gas-attack-leaves-355-dead.html" target="_blank">poison gassing</a> and killing its own people? Even if you couldn't or didn't seem to want to, these regimes in turn, certainly didn't have a problem in featuring you on their own state controlled television channels and newspapers. Moreover, you certainly had no problem studying and speaking alongside<a href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/2013/03/22/-Sheikh-al-Bouti-the-Syrian-Sunni-cleric-who-stood-by-Assad.html" target="_blank"> Syrian govt. mouthpiece</a>, Sheikh Mohammad Said Ramadan al Bouti.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, how is it that it came about for you <a href="http://www.english.globalarabnetwork.com/201003125155/Somalia-Politics/focus-on-somalia-peace-and-reconciliation-forum-to-be-held-in-dubai.html" target="_blank">to speak at a conference in Dubai</a> sharing a stage with and supporting the US backed Somali regime (and <a href="http://www.thenation.com/article/161936/cias-secret-sites-somalia#" target="_blank">current CIA black site</a> and <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/02/world/africa/02somalia.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0" target="_blank">drone targeting ground</a>) especially<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Somalia" target="_blank"> after the overthrew of the previous government in Somalia by the CIA</a>?<br />
<br />
Do troublesome political issues ever come up when you are <strike>on holiday</strike> "studying" overseas?<br />
<br />
Again, along the same vein, what was/is the relationship of your "sheikh" and teacher Abdullah bin Bayyah and the US National Security Council, you see we felt compelled to ask after having read all about his meeting <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2348479/EXCLUSIVE-Deputy-banned-suicide-bomb-endorsing-cleric-Yusuf-al-Qaradawi-White-House-meeting-National-Security-Council-staff.html" target="_blank">here</a>:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4YxWUNzcfbsYWY-5UCuZ5WcKE37bSqBqXfb2vTi5AQ2YqJc7sy5jERjCAcRTlKT5UyNGZjaqT5N6IRCNtbV2YNIRgJFmqbXALYu8u3-M2t7-EjBVHmbC_GWIa2mJo-JL7Ihg1gJDzmfk/s1600/binBayyahObamaWhiteHouse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4YxWUNzcfbsYWY-5UCuZ5WcKE37bSqBqXfb2vTi5AQ2YqJc7sy5jERjCAcRTlKT5UyNGZjaqT5N6IRCNtbV2YNIRgJFmqbXALYu8u3-M2t7-EjBVHmbC_GWIa2mJo-JL7Ihg1gJDzmfk/s400/binBayyahObamaWhiteHouse.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bin Bayyah (2nd L) released this photo on his website, showing the June
13 meeting with Obama administration officials including Gayle Smith
(2nd R) and Rashad Hussain (4th L)<br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
Seriously Objectionable Public Statements Publicly Done in the Name of Islam & All Muslims</h3>
All the dubious and questionable political relationships above notwithstanding, it still begs the questions why you make seriously objectionable statements in the name of Islam & Muslims the world over. We understand that in the celebrity "sheikh" mentality (see above) that there should be unquestioned blind obedience <br />
<br />
18. We simply ask who gave you the right to claim:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.tikkun.org/article.php/Yusuf-WhyHolocaustdenialunderminesIslam/print" target="_blank">Holocaust Denial Undermines Islam</a> ?</li>
</ul>
This issue is pretty irrelevant for Muslims as they were not the perpetrators of the Holocaust. The critique of your supposed "evidence" was pretty effectively dismantled by brother Kaukab Siddiqui <a href="http://forum.netmuslims.com/showthread.php?10024-Hamza-Yusuf-and-his-Ideology&p=54603&viewfull=1#post54603" target="_blank">here</a>. Moreover their are well documented books (such as<a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Holocaust-Industry-Reflections-Exploitation/dp/B00DJZKICS" target="_blank"> this one</a> by Norman Finkelstein) about how the Holocaust has been used as an industry to enrich people (via reparations) claiming to have suffered from it.<br />
<br />
None other than David Ben Gurion (founder of Israel) stated it best for Muslims here:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"<i>If I were an Arab Muslim leader, I would <u>NEVER</u> sign an agreement with Israel. It is normal; we have taken their country. It is true God promised it to us, but how could that interest them? Our God is not theirs. There has been Anti-Semitism, the Nazis, Hitler, the Holocaust, Auschwitz, but was that their fault? They see but one thing: we have come and we have stolen their country. Why would they accept that</i>?"</blockquote>
Source: David Ben Gurion, founder of Israel,<br />
(Quoted by Nahum Goldmann in Le Paraddoxe Juif (The Jewish Paradox), pg 121).<br />
<br />
Given all of this above, and given the fact that far far more Muslims from Africa were killed during the slave trade (with modern day African Americans far worse off because of it) or during the illegal invasion of Iraq, why don't you (in your next invitation to Washington by the political establishment) advocate that Blacks in America or Iraqis be given reparations by capitalists? That this is as credible as the Quran? That denial of this undermines democracy?<br />
<br />
19. Ambiguous statements and actions regarding homosexuality.<br />
<br />
We understand that (pre-9/11) you made a statement regarding homosexuality but feel we need further clarification given how quickly you add, subtract, and claim to "retract" statements for political convenience. You see we felt a bit compelled to ask after the NewYorker magazine made some strong assertions about your desire for acceptance and mainstreaming of the Zaytuna Institute <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/05/where-islam-meet-america.html" target="_blank">here</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>"And there’s no shortage of American Muslim academics who could offer a gay-friendly perspective at Zaytuna—such as the gay Muslim scholar Scott Kugle, the author of “Homosexuality in Islam,” whose chapter about Yusuf in another book Yusuf recently called the best thing anyone’s ever written about him. (Whether he admits or not, it seems that Yusuf has already managed some evolution on the question of homosexuality; over a decade ago, <a href="http://www.alternet.org/story/12817/to_be_gay_and_muslim">Alternet quoted him</a> as saying, “If one considers it acceptable in Islam, then he or she is not considered to be a Muslim by consensus of the scholars”—and it’s unlikely that he’d have praised Kugle if he still felt that way.) <span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "new york" , "times" , serif; font-size: 16px;"></span></i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "new york" , "times" , serif;"></span></i><i>"If Yusuf refuses to cross his line, there’s no doubt that he’ll remain safely within the mainstream of current orthodox Muslim thought. But it will also mean that Zaytuna will remain marginal among American liberal-arts colleges. If Yusuf had wanted to create a school that’s a Muslim equivalent of Bob Jones University, he wouldn’t have any problem—there’s a long tradition of intolerant American religious colleges that Zaytuna could fit into. But few of them have the élite academic reputation Zaytuna aspires to. One notable exception is Wheaton College, a Christian Evangelical liberal-arts school in Illinois, which has repeatedly been ranked the least L.G.B.T.-friendly college in the United States by the Princeton Review, but which is also highly regarded for the quality of its undergraduate teaching. It’s clear, though, that its anti-gay reputation is a matter of concern to Wheaton. In February, in response to activism by gay students, the school endorsed an L.G.B.T. support group as an official campus organization for the first time. “We want Wheaton College to be a community where people can wrestle with these issues,” its provost said. </i></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i></i><i>It’s inevitable that Yusuf, and Zaytuna, will have to argue over the lines he’s drawn. And that’s a good thing—good for Zaytuna, good for America, and good for Islam. But it will only go well if Zaytuna is willing, as Wheaton College has been, to be open to the debate. If that’s going to happen, then, as at Wheaton, the students will have to take the lead. As Korb points out, Yusuf himself once said in a lecture, “Sometimes standing for the truth means standing against the Muslims.” And when it comes to one of the most difficult questions in Islam and America today, Yusuf’s students may find that they have to stand against the best teachers they’ve found"</i></blockquote>
<br />
20. All of which leads to our final question and one that holds the most relevance for us at iSiyasah. You see the "Arab" Spring had the unintended effect of making both the tyrants of the Muslim World and the US Administration very very uncomfortable (despite you being in bed with both). The US govt. is using <a href="http://socialistworker.org/2012/12/13/us-plan-to-derail-the-arab-spring" target="_blank">all means</a> to <a href="http://www.interfacejournal.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Interface-4-1-Salt.pdf" target="_blank">contain this revival</a> such that their corporate and imperial interests are still secure and these disorganized rebellions don't grow into genuine revolutions, ripping apart 50-60 years of US policy of perpetrating power structures that were put in place there dating to post WWII. This is part of the reason why the Muslim Brotherhood and its affiliates were allowed to come to power in Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt - they kept the same system from within but simply "Islamicized" from outside, not upsetting the status quo.<br />
<br />
The biggest fear of these power structures and regimes is that they are replaced (via a revolution) by a new system entirely, one that doesn't rest on US foreign aid, military-to-military contacts, or IMF/World Bank funding. Moreover, a system that was built on something other than US-style capitalism or discredited unIslamic ideas such as secularism, the separation of church/state, the marriage of corporation and state, or western-style democracy--would be a potential ideological rival for the US and its global empire. Something the US already dealt with vis-a-vis Communism. This was pretty eloquently stated by George Kennan <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v01p2/d4" target="_blank">here</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"<i>We have about 50% of the world's wealth but only 6.3% of its population. In this situation we cannot fail to be the object of envy and resentment. Our real task in the coming period is to devise a pattern of relationships which will permit us to maintain this position of disparity. We need not deceive ourselves that we can afford today the luxury of altruism and world benefaction. We should cease to talk about such vague and unreal objectives as 'human rights', the 'raising of living standards' and 'democratization'. The day is not far off when we are going to have to deal in straight power concepts. The less we are then hampered by idealistic slogans, the better</i>."<br />
<br />
George Kennan, [Director of Policy Planning U.S.State Dept. 1948]</blockquote>
In order for that to be prevented, the US government is leaning heavily on it's spiritual and theological agents to prevent the "Arab" Spring from spreading and becoming an "Islamic" one. Its why You and your associates are now going out of your way to make statements such as this:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://allahcentric.wordpress.com/2011/04/01/shaykh-hamza-yusuf-islam-is-not-an-ideology-sandala-productions/" target="_blank">Islam is NOT an ideology</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=177759519073701" target="_blank">Concept of an Islamic State is a Fantasy</a></li>
</ul>
3 related questions/comments on these points:<br />
<br />
A. We understand that, like a used car salesman or crooked politician, you have<a href="https://www.sandala.org/blog/the-importance-of-being-ambiguous-or-the-sin-tax-of-ignoring-syntax" target="_blank"> a self-confessed penchant for being ambiguous and playing games with words</a> and that you have been <a href="http://www.islamicity.com/forum/printer_friendly_posts.asp?TID=9761" target="_blank">called out on this before</a>. However, we here at iSiyasah believe in <a href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/british/plain-speaking" target="_blank">plain speaking</a> i.e. <b>mean what you say and say what you mean.</b><br />
<br />
To that end, let us define some terms for you:<br />
<br />
<h3>
Ideology / <i>Deen</i></h3>
<span style="text-align: justify;">The Oxford dictionary defines </span><b style="text-align: justify;">ideology</b><span style="text-align: justify;"> as: </span><b style="text-align: justify;"><i>“a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy or a set of beliefs characteristic of a social group or individual.”</i></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
An <b>ideology</b> is a set of conscious and unconscious ideas that constitute one's goals, expectations, and actions. An ideology is a comprehensive vision, a way of looking at things (compare <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldview" title="Worldview">worldview</a>) as in several philosophical tendencies (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology#Political_ideologies">political ideologies</a>), or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society (a "received consciousness" or product of socialization).<br />
<br />
Ideologies are systems of abstract thought applied to public matters and thus make this concept central to politics. Implicitly every political or economic tendency entails an ideology whether or not it is propounded as an explicit system of thought.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
The word itself originated from the French Revolution and was coined by a French philosopher, Antoine Destutt de Tracy in 1789 derived from the word<b> ide’ologie </b>which originally means “science of ideas” and has since been used in the context of propagating ideas that are underpinned by political, economic, or social constructs with a view to propose the aims, functions and nature of these ideas to be practically instigated into the political and social life of all humans regardless of language, race or geographical factors related to human beings.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The role of Muslims in the advancement in the fields of sciences and humanities is directly related to the driving ideological force of Islam. It is this Islamic ideology or deen that deserves the credit and not the individual Muslims. Unlike Christianity, Judaism, and other religions, Islam is not merely a religion but rather a unique and comprehensive ideology that guides the life of the human being. The Islamic ideology, by the definition of an ideology, consists of both the idea and the method to implement the idea as a practical manifestation in reality.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Islamic idea itself is composed of two essential components; the creed or doctrine (Aqeedah) and a system of rules and regulation founded on this doctrine (Shari'ah). The Islamic Aqeedah provides the correct and comprehensive answers to the fundamental questions regarding humanity' s existence and that of the universe. It addresses the issue of the human being's purpose in life, and links it with what proceeds life and what will come after it, thereby providing the basis for the Islamic system to properly organize human affairs.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Islamic Shari'ah provides a comprehensive law governing the affairs of human beings. It correctly establishes: the relationship between the human being and his Creator, the personal affairs of individuals, and the various relationships (social, political, , economic, and international) that exist in society.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Islamic methodology provides the means to apply the idea (the creed and systems) to practice.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Unlike Secularism, Capitalism, and Communism; Islam is built upon the correct worldview that is compatible with the human being. Islam does not ignore human beings' instincts or desires, but organizes them in the proper context, including the desire to acquire knowledge. The implementation of the Islamic system is neither confined to time or place nor dependent upon science and technology, and must address our instincts, needs and natural desires.</span><br />
<h3>
State / <i><a href="http://www.wordreference.com/aren/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9" target="_blank">Dawlah</a></i></h3>
The Oxford English Dictionary defines "<b>state</b>" as<br />
<ul class="sense-entry">
<li class="sense sense-type-core scrollerBlock"><div class="senseInnerWrapper">
<span class="iteration"></span><span class="definition">a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government:</span><span class="exampleGroup exGrBreak"><i class="example"> Germany, Italy, and other European states</i></span></div>
</li>
<li class="subSense scrollerBlock"><div class="senseInnerWrapper">
<span class="definition">an organized political community or area forming part of a federal republic:</span><span class="exampleGroup exGrBreak"><i class="example">the German state of Bavaria</i></span></div>
</li>
<li class="subSense scrollerBlock"><div class="senseInnerWrapper">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="state__12"></a><span class="variantGroup"></span><span class="definition"></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="state__14"></a><span class="definition">the civil government of a country:</span><span class="exampleGroup exGrBreak"><i class="example">services provided by the state</i></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
The word itself comes from <span class="etymology">the 13<span style="vertical-align: super;">th</span> Century: Old French <i>estat</i>, from Latin <i>status</i> a standing, from <i>stāre</i> to stand</span><br />
<br />
In Arabic, the word <i>Al Dawlah</i> means linguistically the “<i>Ghalaba</i>”, i.e. the supremacy, it is also a term used to indicate the change of time; it is also said: The days have alternated or rotated, i.e. they have changed; or Allah (swt) alternates it between people etc. States change and vary according to the change of concepts, the change of times and the change of peoples. The State is a word of terminology which refers to an authority that commands and prohibits a group of people who live in a certain piece of land. However, the definition of the state differs due to the difference of viewpoints and nations towards its reality.<br />
<br />
The westerners for instance, despite the different viewpoints they hold towards the reality of the state and towards the type of rule within the state, whether this were religious, as was the case in medieval times, dictatorial, or democratic, all agree that the state is reflected in the land, its peoples and its rulers, and that these three represent the cornerstones of the state. To them, the state is established over a specific peace of land, in which a specific group of people live permanently, and over whom a ruling authority presides.<br />
<ul>
<li><div class="subSN">
<table class="WRD"><tbody>
<tr class="wrtopsection"><td colspan="3" title="Matching entries from other side of dictionary"><b>Matching entries from translational dictionary for dawlah</b></td></tr>
<tr class="even"><td class="FrWrd"><b>country</b> <i class="POS2">n</i></td><td class="ltr">(political geographic area)</td><td class="ToWrd" dir="rtl">دولة<i class="POS2"></i></td></tr>
<tr class="even"><td></td><td class="To2"><br /></td><td class="ToWrd" dir="rtl">بلد<i class="POS2"></i></td></tr>
<tr class="even"><td></td><td class="FrEx" colspan="2"><span dir="ltr">The leaders of this country work very hard.</span></td></tr>
<tr class="even" dir="rtl"><td></td><td class="ToEx" colspan="2">يعمل قادة هذه الدولة باجتهاد شديد.</td></tr>
<tr class="odd"><td class="FrWrd"><b>power</b> <i class="POS2">n</i></td><td class="ltr">(nation)</td><td class="ToWrd" dir="rtl">دولة<i class="POS2"></i></td></tr>
<tr class="odd"><td></td><td class="FrEx" colspan="2"><span dir="ltr">France was once a great power, and remains highly influential in world affairs.</span></td></tr>
<tr class="even"><td class="FrWrd"><b>state</b> <i class="POS2">n</i></td><td class="ltr">(country)</td><td class="ToWrd" dir="rtl">دولة<i class="POS2"></i></td></tr>
<tr class="even"><td></td><td class="FrEx" colspan="2"><span dir="ltr">In 1948, a Jewish state was founded.</span></td></tr>
<tr class="even" dir="rtl"><td></td><td class="ToEx" colspan="2">في عام 1948م ، أسست دولة يهودية.</td></tr>
<tr class="odd"><td class="FrWrd"><b>nation</b> <i class="POS2">n</i></td><td class="ltr">(political: state)</td><td class="ToWrd" dir="rtl">دولة<i class="POS2"></i></td></tr>
<tr class="even"><td class="FrWrd"><b>Spain</b> <i class="POS2">n</i></td><td class="ltr">(country)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
Given the definitions and uses above, can you please tell us how Islam does/does not fit into these definitions? If not then what was the society that Muhammad (SaW) established in Medina? Was Salahuddin a warlord or the head of a militia when he expelled the Crusaders from Jerusalem?<br />
<br />
B. In your lecture on why you state an Islamic state is a "fantasy", you state this:<br />
<br />
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1376873582914_14676" style="font-family: 'Courier New', courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">
"<i>If Muslims from the 8th century would be dropped in Norway they would think it was the Caliphate of Umar ibn Abdul Aziz</i>"</div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1376873582914_14679" style="font-family: 'Courier New', courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">
<br /></div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1376873582914_14680" style="font-size: 16px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">FYI: Here is what <span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1376873582914_14683" style="font-style: italic;">actually</span> goes on in Norway and Scandinavian countries and is considered "legal" there today:</span></div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1376873582914_14681" style="font-family: 'Courier New', courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">
<br /></div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1376873582914_14682" style="font-family: 'Courier New', courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">
<a href="http://www.ibtimes.co.in/denmarks-legal-bestiality-trends-gain-notice-as-outraged-public-continues-to-condemn-baby-giraffe-marius-killing-538267" target="_blank">Animal Brothels legal in Norway</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , "monaco" , monospace , sans-serif; font-style: italic;">"Laws in both Denmark and Norway are fairly open when it comes to a person’s "legal right" to engage in sexual activity with an animal. The law states that doing so is perfectly legal, so long as the animal involved does not suffer. According to the Danish newspaper 24timer, this interesting gap in the law has led to a flourishing business in which people pay in order to have sex with animals."</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , "monaco" , monospace , sans-serif; font-style: italic;"> </span></blockquote>
</div>
Q: Would the Caliphate of Umar ibn Abdul Aziz recognize such practices as from Islam? Is this something that you and your followers also consider to be Islamic?<br />
<br />
C. Lastly, refutations of your 2 statements above are posted <a href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=177759519073701" target="_blank">here</a> and <a href="http://www.siyasahpress.org/is-the-islamic-state-a-fantasy/" target="_blank">here</a>, and ironically enough by you, yourself (pre-9/11) <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AX8ck7jjtU&desktop_uri=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D0AX8ck7jjtU&nomobile=1&html5=1" target="_blank">here</a> (apparently part of what you "retracted" after your invitation to meet with Bush post 9/11). You are free to try to clarify and respond if you choose.<br />
<br />
<h2>
Closing Message</h2>
We have deliberately stayed away from theological, ibadat, or aqueedah related actions and utterances of "Sheikh" Hamza Yusuf Hanson primarily for 3 reasons:<br />
<ol>
<li>We didn't feel it was consistent with the <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/p/mission-statement.html" target="_blank">Mission of our Blog</a> here at iSiyasah nor are efforts.</li>
<li>We feel that these issues are deliberately subsumed in the dichotomy and polemic of "Sufi vs. Salafi" debates so as to avoid discussing or holding "Sheikh" Hamza Yusuf Hanson accountable for what he actually says/does.</li>
<li>Others far more knowledgeable than us can take these efforts and work in that area. Indeed a cursory search online would show that <a href="http://tanwir.org/wp-content/uploads/Bleak-House.pdf" target="_blank">many already have</a>.</li>
</ol>
Much of what is written above will make those who are emotionally (and in some unhealthy cases, sexually) attached to "Sheikh" Hamza Yusuf Hanson feel angry, upset, hysterical, and possibly even unhinged. First, if you claim that this post is somehow <i>ghiba</i> or backbiting, please read <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2017/04/the-necessity-of-amr-bil-maroof-wa-nahy.html" target="_blank">here</a> for a review of the <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2017/04/the-necessity-of-amr-bil-maroof-wa-nahy.html" target="_blank">necessity of <i>amr bil maruf wa nahy anil munkar</i> </a>(Enjoining the Good & Forbidding the Evil) and of how this is the covenant Muslims make with Allah (SwT) in Islam (Indeed the failure to do this amongst themselves and their rabbis is why Jews were condemned for breaking their covenant with God). Secondly, we simply ask that you go through the evidences collected (most are of words, actions, and statements of Mr. Hanson himself), then (here is the critical part) <b>GO BACK and ASK HIM to ANSWER FOR THEM</b>. You see this is the key part, like a drug addict you will not overcome your inferiority complex and need for affirmation from a Caucasian American male convert for weaknesses in your own faith, unless you first admit that you have a problem and start confronting the symptoms and causes that made you reach for "Sheikh" Hamza Hanson as a solution in the first place.<br />
<br />
Admittedly there is a lot of political turmoil in the Muslim world and heavy discrimination against Islam and Muslims in the West, but this is no excuse for treasonous grandstanding, hyperbole, or rhetoric uttered by an unelected person in the name of our collective faith. <a href="http://middleeast.org/archives/1998_05_30.htm" target="_blank">This quote</a> best explains a subtle but unappreciated observation of this problem:<br />
<a href="data:image/png;base64,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" 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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "arial";">"<i>I came to the conclusion many years ago that Arafat, Hussein, Fahd, Mubarak and other leaders are not totally responsible for our problems. The majority of sheikhs, imams and other Muslim 'leaders' are actually the reason for Arab and Muslim problems</i>."</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="color: #800040;">--Ali Baghdadi</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="color: #800040;">Publisher, Arab Journal (5/27/98)</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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Like Arab dictators overseas, Western "sheikhs" and American celebrity "Imams" should be held accountable for their deeds, words, and actions done in the name of all Muslims and Islam. If we are to break this cycle of corruption, <i>fitnah</i>, and political exploitation, the culture of accountability begins with You.<br />
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Please do forward to all who may take benefit from reading this.</div>
Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-11503956733230765142013-10-08T22:58:00.001-04:002021-05-23T17:38:12.221-04:00The Panoptic Police State: a Natural Product of Secular Liberalist Ideology<h2 style="text-align: center;">
</h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>Note: In light of the ongoing NSA spying revelations by Edward Snowden, the Guardian, and journalist Glen Greenwald, we present an online reprint of an amazing article (first published in Crescent International in 1997) which details the foundations of the western and secular ideological obsession with spying on citizens to maintain "control", "order", and "security" as well as briefly, an alternative ideological Islamic viewpoint related to this matter. It is our belief at iSiyasah that the surveillance state is part and parcel of the secular liberal ideological construct that denies existence of a creator in order to allow other select elites to exploit and control the masses; therefore, not looking at other ideological constructs is an issue that is neglected in the ongoing discussions about NSA surveillance, security, and civil liberties for citizens. </i> </div>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
The Panoptic Police State: an Emerging Global Order</h3>
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By JA Progler</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
(Reprinted from June 16-30, 1997) </h3>
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Declassified documents, leaked information, insider sources, and public confession by former intelligence operatives have recently revealed that in the late 1980s New Zealand joined the United States and other western governments in a super-secret global intelligence system to monitor most of the world's phone, fax, telex, and electronic mail communications. <br />
<a name='more'></a>The American National Security Agency (NSA), which has spearheaded this program for years, has a business plan for 'global access' to information in the 21st century, an all-seeing eye spy network for global order. But this is not the first conception of a surveillance-based world order; the thought of total control by total surveillance has enticed philosophers and demagogues in the West for centuries.</div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSLOhXQ0vLG2T_zE0o6M798pU-hkGwMJjUbwT56EBpmWc9nCe-bByz0zyxrW-TOd13TSKsSqGjbntWPjyovU9UWUTodT-ruLC0LgCnd5XM0muM0zZ6QOEnNFS0jKnwZ4O2G5a59j1p0dk/s1600/Bentham+Pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSLOhXQ0vLG2T_zE0o6M798pU-hkGwMJjUbwT56EBpmWc9nCe-bByz0zyxrW-TOd13TSKsSqGjbntWPjyovU9UWUTodT-ruLC0LgCnd5XM0muM0zZ6QOEnNFS0jKnwZ4O2G5a59j1p0dk/s200/Bentham+Pic.jpg" height="200" width="147" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">English Philosopher Jeremy Bentham</td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
In 1787, English philosopher Jeremy Bentham published a work that had obsessed him for 20 years. In it, he conceived the ideal prison--and metaphorically, the tenants of an ideal society--terming the new construct a "panopticon". Bentham believed that the best way to control people is to keep them under constant surveillance. The panoptic prison was a work of architecture with an ethos of constant surveillance built into its very structure. Gone would be the days of dark, dank dungeons with legions of guards; this invention was to be well-lit and needed few guards.</div>
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The panopticon was a circular building of individual cells with a "central inspection tower" at its core. Each cell had transparent walls in front and back, and was backlit. Each cell also had a sound tube which could be used to listen in on an inmate, and to convey </div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR3aAlKQq3kP_uQxnCKRlgAfuAoCumlDrveo47QPYDW5x-fas56hWFqqZT8-t10mLozAH0EfRjM2BJnjSTz1jFvUtZdElKsdljGNfe_i5rnIlRlIAW1LmufzoZH7ewHz7KqWV0n_9Zo-4/s1600/Panopticon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR3aAlKQq3kP_uQxnCKRlgAfuAoCumlDrveo47QPYDW5x-fas56hWFqqZT8-t10mLozAH0EfRjM2BJnjSTz1jFvUtZdElKsdljGNfe_i5rnIlRlIAW1LmufzoZH7ewHz7KqWV0n_9Zo-4/s320/Panopticon.jpg" height="320" width="290" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plan of Bentham's design drawn in 1791 by Willey Reveley</td></tr>
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occasional punitive messages. A guard sat in the central inspection tower hidden from inmate view.<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
The resulting matrix of seen/unseen and heard/unheard created a power structure that would train inmates to believe that they could be under surveillance at any given moment day or night, but that they would never know exactly when. The intended result was for inmates in a panopticon to eventually learn to police themselves. Extending this principle beyond the prison, Bentham was convinced that his structure provided a model for the ideal society, in which all thoughts and deeds would be laid open for total inspection.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Developed on the European frontier with the Ottoman <i>khilafah</i>/caliphate, the panopticon was in part, a colonial invention. The British implemented version of it to the East and the West Indian colonies. In its permutation as factory schooling, panoptic power accompanied the western capitalist transformation of Egypt. During the 19th Century, penitentiaries and other institutions of social control increasingly reflected Bentham's vision. In the late 20th century, western governments and corporations are reconfiguring the panopticon by way of electronic technologies.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
In recent years, a new breed of "prisons-for-profit" has emerged in the U.S., utilizing an electronic </div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZwPIHw4wArtE3LmT0kbcS9ihD9kLs9XNFZX2khRCdnxwp4BWCcZWK6lvtxs48f018VK6PjgLPXrhvBnXUhKQ7D8OrTKpF1pjB7UlK8WqmLrmTjg11E2JiyzrVBK8r4XhWH6jpg-eHDqU/s1600/large.panopticon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZwPIHw4wArtE3LmT0kbcS9ihD9kLs9XNFZX2khRCdnxwp4BWCcZWK6lvtxs48f018VK6PjgLPXrhvBnXUhKQ7D8OrTKpF1pjB7UlK8WqmLrmTjg11E2JiyzrVBK8r4XhWH6jpg-eHDqU/s320/large.panopticon.jpg" height="206" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Interior view of Cell House, Illinois State Penitentiary at Statesville</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
version of the panopticon. Instead of guards concealed and inmates revealed by way of architectural design --a structure Bentham and his disciples were never fully able to perfect -- the electronic panopticon uses surveillance cameras, microphones, and other forms of electronic data collection to police its inmates. Nor is the electronic panopticon limited to prisons; it is increasingly becoming the preferred instrument for government and corporate control of citizens and consumers, most of whom would not consider themselves prisoners or inmates in the conventional sense. <br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Broadly speaking, despite its obvious uses by law enforcement agencies, panoptic power sees all citizens as proto-criminals. Police departments in the U.S. and Europe are currently developing ways to expand their reach with electronic devices. In Liverpool, (UK) police once used video surveillance to track Irish Republican Army operations, but soon expanded the network of cameras in several urban areas to implement a policy of general inspection.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
In the U.S., cameras routinely monitor traffic intersections in several large cities. New York's "Red Light Violation Monitoring Program" uses a sophisticated mechanism of electronic trips and levers, in which motorists trigger a camera to film an infraction. Within days, a "Notice of Liability" is sent by computer to the address at which the vehicle is registered, complete with photos and an enlargement of the license plate. In this scheme, the registered owner of the vehicle is liable, and therefore becomes and extension of police power through monitoring friends and family who may be driving it.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtyYS2YE0wHKRw4wr3goy9dx-rsBW1EAFRmk1FVIOJoK2wNsR3bXzM3Tot6ca3h4F1Pp2GbwTrHC-mpJL_ZluJbfPw1yYCHXQebHMxdbxT1uUfI0mgUDEWwTypa0SHi5ZviHjh3TS8LKU/s1600/surveillance-cameras-400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtyYS2YE0wHKRw4wr3goy9dx-rsBW1EAFRmk1FVIOJoK2wNsR3bXzM3Tot6ca3h4F1Pp2GbwTrHC-mpJL_ZluJbfPw1yYCHXQebHMxdbxT1uUfI0mgUDEWwTypa0SHi5ZviHjh3TS8LKU/s200/surveillance-cameras-400.jpg" height="150" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Similarly, toll booth authorities use routine video inspection of license plates on passing vehicles, running each plate through a database for outstanding violations. Eventually, tolls will have to be paid for by an electronic debit pass that can also be used to track a vehicle's pattern of movement. In Occupied Palestine, Zionist Israelis use similar technology to police the territories. Besides traffic control, the system has also proved especially useful for keeping tabs on the movement of Palestinians in an apartheid-by-license plate regime, with color and number coded plates that reflect various categories of citizenship status.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Students are another potential target of panoptic power. In the U.S., many colleges and universities </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqU7jU800rLgTkQyQ0SGr7uSGpevcewuHg-I3yDIan7G1J8DgzaVWTPWlkURL7aD2GrMQjCimENrGFkSD-hWtgGNMfDAT7N6Tsf056r3khiRJHywTlNQpA82BHBl29B9XDIyuM5xXyjkw/s1600/PatriotActforStudents.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqU7jU800rLgTkQyQ0SGr7uSGpevcewuHg-I3yDIan7G1J8DgzaVWTPWlkURL7aD2GrMQjCimENrGFkSD-hWtgGNMfDAT7N6Tsf056r3khiRJHywTlNQpA82BHBl29B9XDIyuM5xXyjkw/s320/PatriotActforStudents.jpg" height="257" width="320" /></a></div>
require bar-coded multiple-use photo identification cards for registration and library privileges, but these are now being expanded to work as bank cards and phone calling cards, as dormitory security and computer terminal access cards, and as debit cards in soda machines, photocopiers, or in the campus store. This allows anyone accessing the records to inspect "profiles" of students, ranging from the kinds of books that they read to the kind of sodas they drink.<br />
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
An important aspect of panoptic power is the ability to develop instant profiles of citizen-inmates. Airlines and border patrol officers currently use a profiling system to screen people for various levels of security inspection; something as innocuous as requesting an in-flight "Muslim meal" or wearing a beard or scarf can result in harassment. In a chilling omen of the degree to which panoptic profiling may one day be taken, stray dogs captured in France are surgically implanted with computer chips in the dog pound, enabling animal control officials to determine from afar the profile of a particular animal by simply pointing an electronic device at it and reading data on the implanted chip.</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
The entertainment industries in the West are beginning to exhibit aspects of panoptic power. Cable users in New York, and probably most other U.S. cities, are treated with a new "convenience" on their systems. By simply pressing a few buttons on the handheld remote, a consumer can order pay-per-view programs and be billed later. But this means that cable lines are two-way systems capable of transmitting as well as receiving information, which can conceivably include monitoring viewing habits and other details of personal life.</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
In a recent meeting between MTV and Blockbuster Video corporations in the U.S., the Blockbuster executives demonstrated their centrally controlled database of everyone who has ever rented one of their videos by looking up the video renting habits of everyone's favorite movie stars. But such displays are supposed to be illegal in the U.S., ever since a nominee for Supreme Court Justice pushed through legislation after he found out that journalists were reviewing his video rental history in search of embarrassing personal tidbits.</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
Many Americans already identify themselves as consumers before citizens; the panoptic police state's interface with the emerging virtual shopping mall culture further blurs the distinctions. Consumer-citizens of the West can now shop at home with TV, credit cards, phones, and computers. For consumers who still like to get out now and again, American supermarkets are introducing a system in which consumers will scan their own purchases while shopping and then debit the costs directly from their bank accounts. Advertising agencies buy and sell gigabytes of consumer generated data in tailoring their campaigns at audiences profiled according to buying habits, location, income, race, gender, and age.</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
Widespread computer use by government and corporate bureaucracies has greatly increased the potential of the electronics panopticon. Senior citizens in the U.S. have become concerned in recent months because their social security files are easily available on the internet. Employees of the Internal Revenue Service were recently reprimanded for snooping into computerized tax records. Many utility companies operate computerized billing systems that can also be utilized as a form of surveillance, inspecting power usage levels to determine the daily routines of customers.</div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj15uhuY_3C0eS7EFuDKLSjINFdxizk98VfVYgqEs90z3YLe3SZVR0qZsYkH_Pm3RwffowOyXOsp5YBOfFfJYgqqOtFZPM2EY2Zteh8h_P2OW_yjJnSu3M770aCAdSSFFi7STU7jUXUqYg/s1600/big+brother2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj15uhuY_3C0eS7EFuDKLSjINFdxizk98VfVYgqEs90z3YLe3SZVR0qZsYkH_Pm3RwffowOyXOsp5YBOfFfJYgqqOtFZPM2EY2Zteh8h_P2OW_yjJnSu3M770aCAdSSFFi7STU7jUXUqYg/s1600/big+brother2.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Big Brother (Not God) is Watching You from above</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Intelligence agencies have long sought panoptic power. The U.S. has satellite lenses so secret that photos taken through them are classified. Photos taken in the 1960s, recently declassified by Freedom of Information Act lawsuits, reveal that 30 year old technology -- no doubt primitive by today's standards -- was nevertheless capable of zeroing in on an object the size of an automobile from out of sight, high up in the sky. Today's lenses can presumably read the license plate. However, telescopes will not be the only means of visual inspection in the global surveillance order. Japanese technicians have devised a minute remote control device that can be mounted on the back of a cockroach, enabling users to stimulate the roach's central nervous system causing it to crawl in a particular direction; they plan to mount tiny cameras on the backs of the roach/robots, ostensibly to aid in earthquake victim recovery but no doubt with other uses as well.<br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
The panoptic police state is being sold to inmate-consumers in the West in terms of "convenience" and "efficiency". Though, there are still a few legal mechanisms that prevent the integration of all of these databases, what seems to be emerging is a system of micro-control operating on Bentham's principle that a population who believes it is under constant surveillance will police itself more efficiently and behave within the dictates of the system.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Defenders of panopticism note that only criminals need be afraid, or that profiling will help improve products and services. But seen in a broader context, one vexing legal issue is to what degree should governments and corporations have ease of entry into private domains. The wealthy will as usual be able to buy a degree of immunity; from its conception in Bentham's day, panopticism was largely conceived as an institutionalized mechanism of social control for the masses. George Orwell's "Big Brother", once thought to have died with the Soviet Union, is alive and well and living in the "Free" and "Democratic" West.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
From an Islamic perspective, the prospectus of panoptic power has severe implications. The electronic panopticon is a god-trick of the deluded Western mind in its 500-year war against Allah (SwT). The desire to be god-like, to have the ability to see, hear, and know all, is an arrogant affront to the Power and Majesty of the Creator; this is certainly no basis upon which to build a civilization. Only Allah (SwT) is All-Seeing, All-Knowing, All-Hearing. Any pretension to these attributes from the realm of other than Allah (SwT) amounts to associating partners with the Most Beneficient - the gravest sin in Islam. By building this system, western civilization is sowing the seeds of its own destruction.</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtQwejZfUwBHXojEuDxDWNUo4OzZCYOyIXAmlH3jiLn-G7zzOmID8BHZ03C8aAYOFdtIRChR57rtL_zZw0igl12UwWcFq6-8zQkOvFoWsI9iRL-ivlPwhem4Ry_OYlZT9o8GzZ0OVdOm0/s1600/Benthamleftoverremains.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtQwejZfUwBHXojEuDxDWNUo4OzZCYOyIXAmlH3jiLn-G7zzOmID8BHZ03C8aAYOFdtIRChR57rtL_zZw0igl12UwWcFq6-8zQkOvFoWsI9iRL-ivlPwhem4Ry_OYlZT9o8GzZ0OVdOm0/s320/Benthamleftoverremains.jpg" height="320" width="256" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Modern day resting spot of Bentham at UCL in London</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Returning to Jeremy Bentham, perhaps there are lessons to be drawn from his fate in this world. To prove his dedication to panoptic ideals Bentham wrote into his will that upon his death his disciples must witness his autopsy while a statement he prepared for the event was read; each sat rapt listening to the deepest convictions of their master as his entrails lay open for all to inspect. He also instructed that his body be embalmed and put on display in a glass case at University College in London, where it sits to this day.</div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
But something went horribly wrong with the embalming process resulting in a gross disfigurement of Bentham's remains -- his face, the primary locus of personal identification for a human being in his day-- had shriveled into a grotesque mask. To preserve the exhibit, curators severed Bentham's distorted head and replaced it with a wax likeness. "And they planned, and Allah planned and Allah is the best of planners." [Quran 3:54] </div>
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Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-61664694931402968202013-09-24T13:47:00.001-04:002021-05-23T17:38:00.420-04:00Why Iran is NOT an Islamic State<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Introduction</h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The purpose of this article is to lay out concrete evidence to dispel the myth that Iran (as they claim) is an Islamic State. Before we address this myth, we at iSiyasah.com would like to point out that all those claimants of "Islamic governments" of today are myths too. There is <b>not one</b> state today that adheres to the principles, rules, and laws that our beloved prophet (SaW) laid down with regards to statecraft and political practice. This
blog post is an attempt at demystifying and deconstructing one such
attempt via the "Islamic" Republic of Iran to pass itself off as <i>the </i>Islamic state or model for all other Muslims to emulate. <br />
<br />
That being said, Iran is NOT an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> <span class="highlight">state</span>. <br />
<a name='more'></a>The proper definition for Iran would be it is a <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/secular" target="_blank">secular</a> <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theocracy" target="_blank">theocracy</a> run by an unelected and unaccountable Shi'ite clergy. In <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> law an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> <span class="highlight">state</span> or khilafah/caliphate is defined as:</div>
<ol>
<li>
Sovereignty for the shar'iah</li>
<li>Authority for the ummah or people</li>
<li>Single head of <span class="highlight">state</span> (a caliph)</li>
<li>Caliph or executive has the ability to adopt opinions which are binding (he does NOT have to be a cleric to be a caliph).</li>
</ol>
<b>Q: Is a genuine Islamic State/Caliphate not a theological state, a rule by/for the clerics? </b><br />
No! Theocracies at their heart believe that there is a chosen group or selected leaders who are infallible and who have an <i>exclusive</i> right to interpret the word of God, where no one is allowed to challenge their interpretation and anyone doing so is condemned. The Prophethood is a theological position, which Allah (SwT) gives to whomever he wishes. The Caliph/Khilafah on the other hand is a human post whereby the <b>people appoint </b>whomever they wish. The Khilafah after the Messenger of Allah (saw) was held by humans, who were <b>not</b> Messengers.
<br />
<br />
The Islamic political system is not theocratic in nature with anyone allowed to challenge any ruling <br />
by either scholars or the head of state. In a hadith the Prophet Muhammad (SaW) instructed the ummah with regards to ruling:<br />
<br />
“<i>The Prophets ruled over the children of Israel, whenever a Prophet died another Prophet succeeded him, but there will be <b>no Prophet after me</b>. There will soon be Khulafa’ and they will number many.” They asked: ‘what then do you order us?’ He said: “Fulfill the Bay’ah to them, one after the other and give them their dues for Allah will verily account them about what he entrusted them with</i>.”<br />
<br />
In Islam, everyone is a man (or woman) of religion and everyone will be
accountable to God as to whether or not one has fulfilled their
obligations sincerely and to the best of their abilities.<br />
<br />
Across the Muslim world some corrupt clerics have hijacked Islam for their own political <br />
objectives. They have used the sincere emotions that the people have for Islam to gain political <br />
influence and have misled them and other sincere scholars along the way. These individuals who <br />
have attempted to project a 'pious' image that they are the ones who are looking after the interests of <br />
Islam are in fact no different to the corrupt politicians who inhabit the same failed secular political systems previously. These clerics use Islam to get to power, yet abandon it once they have gained their positions, choosing to enrich themselves and their families while participating in the same failed secular system as every other politician. <br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
A. Academically speaking:</h3>
<div>
(for reference the Iranian constitution can be found here: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constit...public_of_Iran</a> )</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080420114911/http://www.islamic-world.net/islamic-state/assessing_consti.htm">Iranian constitution is similar to the constitutions in other Muslim countries</a> and was drafted
according to the Western system of capitalism. Iran's constitution
imitates Western constitutions, in such constructs as in the republican system of
governance, the partition between different ministries, its parliamentary system, the separation of powers, and the core appeals to secular western values, thoughts, and concepts as a basis for elected office and legitimacy. All of
these are in accordance with capitalist and socialist doctrines and regimes.</div>
<br />
As for the
statement that the "<i>official religion of Iran is Islam and the twelver
Ja'fari school of thought</i>" this then is similar to what can be found in
most constitutions in Muslim countries, which does <b>not </b>mean that the
state is based on Islam <b>nor</b> that its message is Islamic. Rather, this empty
statement is merely related to personal status laws -- i.e. decrees and holidays, accommodating
the people's beliefs and their acts of worship that pays respect to certain ritualistic
matters of their lives. The Iranian Constitution does <b>not</b> provide that
this Deen/Ideology (Islam) forms its ideological doctrine nor that this Madhab (the Jafari school of thought) is
the state's message, what it strives to implement comprehensively internally, nor an aim of foreign policy, which is in fact wholly
nationalistic and based upon pure <i>maslaha</i> or naked self-interest (more on that below).<br />
<br />
The Iranian state adheres to the current
international system of enrollment in international and regional
organizations based on capitalism, such as the Iranian membership in the
United Nations, the Organization of Islamic Conference, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the International Criminal Court. None of its
international relations are based on Islam either in concept or in practice (one only needs to read carefully through these international organizations' roles in regards to conflicts in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel,_Palestine,_and_the_United_Nations">Israel/Palestine</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict">Lebanon</a>, and <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/16/world/un-details-its-failure-to-stop-95-bosnia-massacre.html">Bosnia</a> to see why this is important).<br />
<br />
Hence, it needs to be noted
that the Iranian state does not carry a specific message nor does it
pursue a specific project based on Islam. Rather the nationalistic and secular taint is apparent in the Iranian regime, reflected in the
policy of maintaining the existing system, the structure of
the state and its territory, and its relations with other outside powers and entities.<br />
<br />
For further reading regarding Nationalism and the Iranian constitution we recommend the following:<br />
<ol>
<li>Item by item listing of contradictions of Iranian constitution with <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> law/<i>Shariah</i> is here:<a href="http://islamicsystem.blogspot.com/2007/01/refutation-of-iranian-constitution.html" target="_blank"> http://islamicsystem.blogspot.com/20...stitution.html</a> </li>
<li>The contradictions between Nationalism and Islam is very well exposed <a href="http://www.zawaj.com/editorials/nationalism_ahmed.html" target="_blank">here</a> and <a href="http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/Nationalism.htm" target="_blank">here</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.khilafah.com/index.php/concepts/political-concepts/7007-is-iran-an-islamic-state" target="_blank">Is Iran an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> <span class="highlight">State</span>?</a> Good article with references included as well.</li>
</ol>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
B. Exposure of how the U.S. manipulated events and brought about the
"Iranian Revolution" as well as how CIA facilitated Khomeini's rise to
power:</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20020815051233/islamicweb.com/beliefs/cults/iranian_revolution.htm#foothold" target="_blank">Iran and the Revolution an Exposure of American Plans</a> (this is another well-written article with several references that exposes the link between Iran & the U.S.)<br /> </li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.1875px;">Dr. Ronen Bergman, an Israeli investigative journalist and author of the 2008 book, ‘The Secret War with Iran,’ says that the BBC put Khomeini on a pedestal and amplified his voice, making his brand of Islam the only alternative option to the Shah’s rule. British journalist Ed West interviewed Bergman in June 2009 about his views, and quoted a passage from book in his article, </span><a href="http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/edwest/10123267/how_the_bbc_helped_bring_the_ayatollah_to_power/" style="color: #0066cc; line-height: 18.1875px; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px;">“How the BBC helped bring the Ayatollah to power”</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.1875px;">:</span></span></span><br />
<blockquote style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.1875px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1.25em;">
<div style="margin-top: 12px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
“<i>Another propaganda tool for Khomeini was none other than the Persian-language broadcasts of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The channel gave him a platform. His regular broadcasts made him the unchallenged leader of the Iranian revolutionary movement.</i>”</div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.1875px;"></span></li>
<li>When we met in a west London hotel not far from the notorious Iranian embassy, Bergman pointed out: “The BBC gave free hours of free broadcast to Khomeini from Paris. It is unbelievable. Every time there is a person who is fighting ‘royal’ forces, in the sense of their being autocratic, the BBC gives them a free hand and carte blanche, without trying to understand what their views are.<span style="background-color: transparent;"> </span></li>
<li>Speaking of the BBC, their recent expose on Khomeini and his links with the CIA is well worth a read here: </li>
</ol>
<ul><ul>
<li><a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36431160" target="_blank">2 weeks in January: America's Secret Engagement with Khomeini</a> </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhL5wkUZpU2kjWypUPItX2P1b4DEVJLTTcit-A-6POPNQVFROSqYZEFPpWDa1jjQWzVksa_yyvCBgCr9FeikKBIybXj0J1rTVGs4vAJr3BSIMpoNGb5RbUKmhxo8nrue0moBiSP6aKTi0/s1600/Khomeini+memo.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhL5wkUZpU2kjWypUPItX2P1b4DEVJLTTcit-A-6POPNQVFROSqYZEFPpWDa1jjQWzVksa_yyvCBgCr9FeikKBIybXj0J1rTVGs4vAJr3BSIMpoNGb5RbUKmhxo8nrue0moBiSP6aKTi0/s640/Khomeini+memo.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;">A declassified 1980 CIA analysis titled Islam in Iran, published by the BBC, says Ayatollah Khomeini had reached out to the US in 1963. Photograph: US Government. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/10/ayatollah-khomeini-jimmy-carter-administration-iran-revolution#img-2" target="_blank">Source</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div>
5. The Shah of Iran's words (in earlier link above):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ol>
"<i>If you lift up Khomeini’s beard,” he <a href="http://books.google.ca/books?id=1u-ngh3Z4y8C&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=%22If+you+lift+up+Khomeini%27s+beard,+you+will+find+MADE+IN+ENGLAND+written+under+his+chin.%22&source=bl&ots=2AUnYCl4S2&sig=GSBzZR7euO7Yhdq4OXak4V21uxY&hl=en&ei=_BOyToiML6jz0gHzjJ2uAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22If%20you%20lift%20up%20Khomeini%27s%20beard%2C%20you%20will%20find%20MADE%20IN%20ENGLAND%20written%20under%20his%20chin.%22&f=false">said</a>, “you will find Made In England written under his chin</i>."
</ol>
</blockquote>
6. During Khomeini's stay at the Neauphle-le-Château in France, he was
visited by delegates </div>
<div>
from the White House with Khomeini agreeing to
cooperate with America. Consequently </div>
<div>
American newspapers reported about
the agreement and the meetings that took place there. </div>
<div>
These facts were
recently revealed by the first President of the Republic of Iran Abul
Hassan </div>
<div>
Bani Sadr in an interview with Al-Jazeera on 12/1/2000. He
confirmed that delegates from the </div>
<div>
White House came to the
Neauphle-le-Château in France, where Khomeini lived wherein they </div>
<div>
were
greeted by Yazdi, Bazarkan, Mousawi and Ardibaili.<br />
<br />
There have been
many meetings between the two parties, most notably the October meeting which took place in the suburbs of Paris, during which agreements
between the Reagan and<br />
Bush group and Khomeini's group were signed.
Khomeini then declared his willingness to<br />
cooperate with the United
States on the condition they not interfere in Iran's internal affairs.
<br />
Shortly afterwards, Khomeini returned on board a French plane to Tehran, so the US applied<br />
pressure on Shahpur Bakhtiar to pass over the rule to
Khomeini and threatened the leaders of<br />
the Iranian army if they stood in Khomeini's way.</div>
<div>
<ol>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<h3>
C. Prominent Political Actors Within the Regime and Their Ideas and Words Speak for Themselves:</h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Namely, a senior cleric in Iran EXPLICITLY warns against advocacy of "caliphate" (khilafah) and says Iran is <u>only</u> a "republic":</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Published: Nov 13, 2006<br />
BBC Monitoring Service - United Kingdom<br />
Text of report by Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) website<br />
</b><br />
Highlighting an ideology that says yes to an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> rule but no to an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> republic, he said: "<b><i>The fact that there are some that prefer an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> rule to an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span>
republic is very dangerous. And that danger is clear; it is, in other
words, a return of government to [the era of] caliphate</i>."</b><br />
<br />
The former representative of the vali-e faqih in Esfahan noted: "<i><b>Had the late imam been alive today, he would have rejected such an ideology. The imam believed that any government that is <u>not</u> based on the votes of the people is meaningless</b></i>."<br />
<br />
Noting that as a firmly established cleric he feels dutybound to warn the people of any future threat to the system, he said: "<i><b>The return of </b><b>government to a form of caliphate is a <u>great danger</u> that <u>must be avoided</u>. The people should stand against such a threat; I take refuge in God from those who are currently in favour of such a rule</b></i>." "<br />
<br />
Highlighting a recent meeting he had had with the managers of the
office of [Reformist Grand] <b>Ayatollah Sane'i in Mashhad, Ayatollah
Taheri-Esfahani</b> said: "<i>I outlined my views during that meeting</i>."<br />
<br />
The member of the Assembly of Experts added: "<i>The imam's view of
Velyat-e Faqih-e Motlaqeh [Absolute rule of a supreme jusrisoncult] was
not that a government should be absolute. <b>T</b><b>he late imam believed in <span style="color: blue;">religious democracy [mardomsalari-e dini]</span></b></i>."<br />
<br />
Reiterating that an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> rule is different to an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> republic, he said:<br />
"<i><b>Imam Khomeini always spoke of an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> Republic. He <u>never</u> spoke of an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> rule</b></i>."<br />
<br />
He added: "<i><b>The imam's decision was to establish an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> republic, and nothing other than that. And I regard the imam's viewpoint as benchmark</b></i>."<br />
<br />
Taheri said: "<b><i>When the imam stipulated that there should be an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span>
republic and nothing other than that, it means that we should not
pursue anything other than a republic. It means, in fact, that the late
imam was not willing to rule over the people at any cost, but that [he
believed] the people should determine their own governments</i>."</b><br />
<br />
He added: "<i>The imam used to say in his speeches: 'I wish they would
call me a servant instead of a leader'. This shows for certain that he
did not favor an <span class="highlight">Islamic</span> rule, since anyone who has claims of leadership never makes such remarks</i>."</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Source: ISNA website, Tehran, in Persian 1042 GMT 13 Nov 06, BBC Monitoring</blockquote>
<br />
The questions we are left with after reading through all of this are:<br />
Q1: What is the difference between an Islamic "republic", "religious democracy", and an Islamic "state" or caliphate?<br />
Q2: Where in the Quran & Sunnah is the term Islamic "republic" or "religious democracy" ever used?<br />
<br />
From an Islamic standard (which is the only standard that should be used) these statements that represent the Iranian state are alarming and speak for themselves.<br />
<br /></div>
<h3>
D. Exposure of Iranian regime political instruments</h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
1. Hezbollah</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
a) Hezbollah functions as a proxy for Iran (giving it more leverage to use over regional and </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
international enemies). It is a Lebanese based resistance force which uses appeals to sectarianism </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
as one of its calling cards for furthering Iranian regional influence.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
It's role is best illustrated by its behavior in Syria, where it is currently intervening for sectarian </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
reasons to help the Iranian regime ensure that a future Syria will not challenge Iranian national </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
interests. It is best to let its own actions/words speak for themselves here:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/kkSQ4vUhGlk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jFv4_d9yBq5WmgGkDd0_VttkWPTg?docId=CNG.6d368e1b8c6c3ad77e8681f96fb6d5ee.301" target="_blank">Hezbullah Urges Syrians to back Assad Regime</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/08/201381619185852996.html" target="_blank">Hezbollah Reaffirms Support for Assad</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/hezbollah-chief-nasrallah-says-he-would-fight-in-syria-if-needed/article13812675/" target="_blank">Hezbollah Chief Says He Would Personally Fight in Syria If Needed</a></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
b) What this helps to do is to expose Iranian nationalist motives via Hezbollah<br />
<a href="http://www.revolutionobserver.com/2013/06/hezbollahs-calculus-in-syria.html" target="_blank">calculations and motives </a><a href="http://www.revolutionobserver.com/2013/06/hezbollahs-calculus-in-syria.html" target="_blank">in Syria </a> alongside with how hollow the rhetoric of "resistance" and<br />
sloganeering about Islam was/is when it comes to Iranian sectarian and nationalist interests<br />
<u>above</u> Islamic ones: </div>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/10091629/Iran-cuts-Hamas-funding-over-Syria.html" target="_blank">Iran Cuts Hamas Funding Over Syria</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Hezbollah-supporters-urge-groups-leadership-Stop-sending-our-sons-to-die-in-Syria-318987" target="_blank">Hezbollah Supporters Urge Leadership to Stop Sending Sons to Die in Syria</a></li>
<li>Former Hizbullah Secretary General Subhi Tofeili: </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
"<i>Iran Exploited Sectarianism for Persian Project</i>" </div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/KBZ9FkUcRZY/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KBZ9FkUcRZY?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<br />
Q: How does this make Iran an "Islamic" state when it selectively chooses sides in conflicts clearly involving Islam?<br />
<br />
Q2: Why did Palestinian Muslims <a href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2013/Jun-06/219614-for-second-time-palestinians-from-syria-torch-hezbollah-aid.ashx" target="_blank">burn relief supplies from Hizbullah</a> if their motives were pure and they were a legitimate part of the "resistance"? <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXfLXILBxL4wmcD92DaSlwcL7fHHKwW_Dxc0Wg1tXZ_PDm3djb5TmBq9a5wN-5cCIxhCd0kE5uUXShUTQMQ-EvVTy5OA6gr6eGKjnQMxs32IncVH4fcJ6mpmkp4YpUs4KgfLJogrJOzvE/s1600/BurningReliefSupplies.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXfLXILBxL4wmcD92DaSlwcL7fHHKwW_Dxc0Wg1tXZ_PDm3djb5TmBq9a5wN-5cCIxhCd0kE5uUXShUTQMQ-EvVTy5OA6gr6eGKjnQMxs32IncVH4fcJ6mpmkp4YpUs4KgfLJogrJOzvE/s1600/BurningReliefSupplies.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Relief supplies from Hezbollah being burned by Palestinians</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
E. Looking over the political behavior of Iran you can see a number of contradictions from Islam:</h3>
<ol>
<li>the<a href="http://www.theweek.co.uk/politics/21359/iran-our-ally-war-against-al-qaeda-and-taliban" target="_blank"> Iranians <b>SUPPORTED</b> the U.S. in operations against the Taliban in 2001</a> (also documented <a href="http://web.mit.edu/cis/editorspick_rubin08_audit.html" target="_blank">here</a>) and in <a href="http://www.forward.com/articles/8530/" target="_blank">telling their militias in Iraq</a> (SCIRI and some shi'ite groups tied with Iyad Allawi and Nuri al Maliki) to support the U.S. occupation of Iraq. </li>
</ol>
<ol>
</ol>
2. Iran and its Actions in Afghanistan<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In Afghanistan, Iran supported
the U.S. occupation and the constitution laid down by the<br />
government created by America with Karzai as the (figure-head) president, all of that was an<br />
Iranian
service to America. Iran had secured the north of the country when
America failed to defeat<br />
the Taliban. Former Iranian President
Rafsanjani mentioned that: </div>
<ol>
</ol>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"<i>If it were not for our troops fighting the
Taliban, America would have sunk in the Afghan quagmire</i>."(al-Sharq
al-Awsat newspaper, 2/9/2002). </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Mohammad Ali Abtahi, Vice President for the former
Iranian President Khatami for legal affairs and parliamentary elections
in the Gulf and the Challenges of the Future Congress, held in Abu Dhabi
on the evening of 1/13/2004, said: </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"<i>If it were not for Iranian cooperation, Kabul and Baghdad would <u>never</u> have fallen so easily. But we received a bonus and we are within the axis of evil</i>!" <br />
(IslamOnline.net, 1/13/2004)</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Former Iranian President Ahmadinejad has repeated this on his visit to New York to attend the United Nations meetings in
an interview with the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/26/world/middleeast/26iran-transcript.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">The New York Times on 9/26/2008</a> where he said: </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"<i>Iran
has provided a helping hand to the United States with regard to
Afghanistan and the result of this assistance was the U.S. President's
direct threat to launch a military attack against us. Our country has
also provided assistance to America in the restoration of calmness and
stability in Iraq</i>."</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
It should be noted that the former Iranian President Ahmadinejad visited Iraq at the beginning of 2008 under direct US occupation of it. Ahmadinejad often incited whirlwinds with his remarks directed against America and it's client, the Zionist state of Israel, although his words were never followed by any real actions. At the same time, Ahmadinejad was the Iranian president most closely aligning with the path of U.S. policy, therefore visiting Iraq under U.S. occupation and two weeks before leaving the government he again visited Iraq to renew his support to Maliki's government, which is there to maintain U.S. influence in Iraq. On top of that, Ahmadinejad visited Afghanistan in 2010 also under U.S. occupation and provided support for the Karzai regime, which serves as a custodian of the U.S. occupation in Afghanistan. </blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Some of these relationships and political actions by Iran aiding the US vis-a-vis Afghanistan are </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
very well laid out in detail <a href="http://www.antiwar.com/orig/porter.php?articleid=8590" target="_blank">here</a> and <a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/02/18/suleimani-war-quds-iran-shifting-afghan-alliances-dont-fit-easy-narratives/" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
3. Iran and its relationship to Ba'athist Regime in Syria</blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The relationship between Iran and the
Syrian regime is an old one, dating back to the time of the first
Intifada in the early 1980's of the past century. Iran, then supported the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27athism">Ba'athist secular</a>
Syrian regime in suppressing the Muslims of Syria, so as to keep it
within the American project in support of the regime <a href="http://www.revolutionobserver.com/2012/12/secrets-of-us-syrian-relations.html">led by its agents from the Assad family</a>. Iran did this knowing that it is a secular
nationalist Baathist system congruent with the regime of Saddam (<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2886733.stm">who was also a Ba'athist</a>) and who the Iranians were fighting although it had nothing to do with Islam, rather
Saddam fought Islam and its people. Iran did this well aware that Saddam
was linked to both the <a href="http://www.globalpolicy.org/iraq-conflict-the-historical-background-/us-and-british-support-for-huss-regime.html">UK</a> and <a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/08/25/secret_cia_files_prove_america_helped_saddam_as_he_gassed_iran">America</a>, it did not defend the rights of the Muslims,
they did just the opposite in declaring war against them and bringing
victory to a criminal Kufur regime, and Iran continues to do so. The
Iranian regime maintains close relations with the Syrian leadership,
which includes <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/21/us-syria-crisis-iran-idUSBREA1K09U20140221" target="_blank">military</a>, <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/31/us-syria-crisis-iran-idUSBRE96U0XN20130731" target="_blank">economic</a> and political ties. Iran transferred
many weapons to support the Assad regime and provided it with oil and
gas at discounted prices due to the lack of energy reserves in Syria. These political relations can particularly be observed in the Iranian
interference in the Syrian revolution very well documented in an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_support_for_Syria_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" target="_blank">open sourced manner here</a> and more recently in how the support has increased as the Assad regime stood on the
verge of collapse. Had it not been for Iranian interference by sending
troops of the Revolutionary Guards, its' direct interference via its' <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/09/30/the-shadow-commander" target="_blank">Quds Force commander, Qassem Suleimani</a> (pictured with <a href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2014/03/25/Deaths-in-the-Syrian-clan-Hilal-al-Assad.html" target="_blank">Assad's Shabiha commander</a> and <a href="http://www.naameshaam.org/en/as-part-of-his-syria-election-campaign-tour-qassem-soleimani-visits-family-of-killed-syrian-shabbiha-commander-hilal-al-assad-2/" target="_blank">killed nephew (Hilal Assad) family</a> below)</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0GtvAXW2S4qRh3_TNhBJ-QflSSTRs04ACMTBaey0aC5fUraDeX8RyovuLj5GulMpOacKUEBNOmohfOOOvLvzZJ4KBQON4uMgHtIASuLAKJQpIN801K1s_MJKY1TaiDFc192VjjzpjS0Q/s1600/Soleimani_visit_Hilal_Assad.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="317" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0GtvAXW2S4qRh3_TNhBJ-QflSSTRs04ACMTBaey0aC5fUraDeX8RyovuLj5GulMpOacKUEBNOmohfOOOvLvzZJ4KBQON4uMgHtIASuLAKJQpIN801K1s_MJKY1TaiDFc192VjjzpjS0Q/s1600/Soleimani_visit_Hilal_Assad.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Quds Force Commander Suleimani visiting Assad nephew & Shabiha leader Hilal Assad's family</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
and <a href="http://world.time.com/2013/11/07/taking-the-lead-hizballah-girds-for-key-syria-battle-on-assads-behalf/#ixzz2k791Uxjs" target="_blank">backed up by troops from Iran's Hezbollah</a> and
<a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/16/us-syria-crisis-iraq-militias-idUSBRE89F0PX20121016" target="_blank">Maliki's sectarian Iraqi militias that follow Iran</a>, Bashar and his regime would have
collapsed long ago. This comment f<a href="http://world.time.com/2013/11/07/taking-the-lead-hizballah-girds-for-key-syria-battle-on-assads-behalf/#ixzz2k791Uxjs" target="_blank">rom one of the fighters</a> is particularly telling:</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
“If we don’t defend the Syrian regime, it would fall within two hours,”
said Ali, a 27-year-old Lebanese fighter who has served with Hizballah
for more than 10 years. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The massacres of Lattakia, Qusair, Homs and chemical massacres
in al-Ghouta and others bear witness to what this intervention stands for and is accomplishing. </blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In all these cases, the contrast between actions based on sectarian, secular nationalist interests vs. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
those undertaken to achieve larger, pan-Islamic ones should be very very clear.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="https://ytimg.googleusercontent.com/vi/-d76j9_18VY/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/-d76j9_18VY&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><embed allowfullscreen="true" height="266" src="https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/-d76j9_18VY&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="320"></embed></object></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
4. Lip Service to Palestine While Fooling Its Own Masses & Supporters<br />
<br />
Nothing quite captures the abject hypocrisy of Iran's rhetoric vs. its behavior, especially in<br />
regards to alleged "resistance" to the Zionist state of Israel better than its <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/26/queue-food-syria-yarmouk-camp-desperation-refugees" target="_blank">treatment of Palestinians </a><br />
inside of Syria. One photo in particular sums this up perfectly:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0FBwB6Wjot6pCtEr7CNZUbdDbNdgzTjrqdWQ0TRJLUaAvmIECpwiPiZNrMweu_Ji4V_UfzDJGjPjA6HC0R1i73XNtZkOqPU3WJugCrPNJRRXuLeK22meK6bkSlTNZ3QajLKXPyATRGws/s1600/YarmoukLarge.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0FBwB6Wjot6pCtEr7CNZUbdDbNdgzTjrqdWQ0TRJLUaAvmIECpwiPiZNrMweu_Ji4V_UfzDJGjPjA6HC0R1i73XNtZkOqPU3WJugCrPNJRRXuLeK22meK6bkSlTNZ3QajLKXPyATRGws/s1600/YarmoukLarge.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Symbol of Iranian/Hezbollah/Syrian "resistance" to Israel & Support for Palestinians</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Some history of Yarmouk can be found <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/09/syria-yarmouk-hellhole-palestinians" target="_blank">here</a>. Palestinians in Syria are being <a href="http://observers.france24.com/content/20140117-syria-palestinian-camp-yarmouk-food" target="_blank">blockaded and starved to death</a> by both the Ba'athist, atheist regime in Syria as well as its Iranian overlords. What was/is their crime oh leaders of the glorious "resistance"?<br />
<br />
It is no wonder that many Palestinians see through this empty rhetoric and despite their desperate situation as well as Israeli occupation, checkpoints, bombings, and blockades find the courage to call out the hypocrisy for what it is:<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqt-2jsm-I_1YrQHvPHjXpuZ2UEmDwGwT1vSC4wRlPbOQonfQpjccI5Acjx-B_lpd4ouwS6kbKSbqBjO9ZAt34uC9-GBVYF5mpZU09XqMyPjeTWpDmnvkS6dKbYAk8zoVrKWvmE2t9-Mk/s1600/PalestinetoSyria.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqt-2jsm-I_1YrQHvPHjXpuZ2UEmDwGwT1vSC4wRlPbOQonfQpjccI5Acjx-B_lpd4ouwS6kbKSbqBjO9ZAt34uC9-GBVYF5mpZU09XqMyPjeTWpDmnvkS6dKbYAk8zoVrKWvmE2t9-Mk/s1600/PalestinetoSyria.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="userContent">"The resistance doesn’t need help from those killing children in Syria & Yarmouk"</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
None of this should come as a surprise for those who understand Iranian geopolitical interests and calculations. Specialists who are close to the regime have already exposed much of its motives<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/08/08/fair_weather_friend_iran_gaza_hamas_israel?utm_content=buffer9c575&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer" target="_blank">Fair Weather Friend: Why Teheran Has Been Silent on Israeli Bombardment of Gaza</a> </li>
<li>Secret dealings between the Iranian regime and the US and Israel very well exposed in this book here: <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Treacherous-Alliance-Secret-Dealings-Israel/dp/0300143117" target="_blank">Treacherous Alliance: The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran, and the US </a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
5. Iran & its Nuclear Program</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
As for the issue of the nuclear program, it has been at a standstill for years<b>,</b>
although the Zionist entity of Israel, supported and encouraged by Europe,
threatened more than once over the years to strike this program. America
stood in the face of the Zionist entity and prevented it from doing so.
Until today America is preventing Israel from doing so.</div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Chief of
Staff General Martin Dempsey on 8/12/2013 visited Israel for
this purpose, such that Kuwaiti KUNA agency on 8/12/2013 reported from a
radio channel of the army of Israel the following statement:
"Dempsey's visit comes just days after a similar secret weeklong visit
fully carried out by the commander of the U.S. Air Force Mark Welch to
Israel," in which both sides refrained from talking about the nature of
research taking place in it. Welch's visit was kept a secret at American
request, amid tensions in the region and against the backdrop of
Israeli threats to strike Iran. KUNA agency added: "Analysts believe
that the commander of the U.S. Army will try to persuade his hosts to
refrain from making dramatic decisions in the near future against Iran
to give diplomacy a chance after the inauguration of Hassan Rouhani as
president of Iran." This follows repeated <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/washington/11iran.html?pagewanted=all">US rejections of aid for Israel to bomb Iran</a> as well as <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/25/iran.israelandthepalestinians1">denial of Iraqi airspace for Israeli planes to bomb Iran</a>.</div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
America did however <a href="http://www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=complete_timeline_of_the_2003_invasion_of_iraq_1185">permit Israel to strike the nuclear reactors of Iraq that were under construction at the time of Saddam in 1981</a>,(after Israel had encouraged Iran to do the same) but it prevents Israel from striking Iranian
nuclear reactors which started enriching uranium to 20% enrichment,
indicating that it is in their interests to maintain the Iranian regime
that works to their advantage in the region. They want it to remain as a
deterrent that frightens the Gulf States such that American influence
is preserved in these countries (i.e they have reasons and justifications for being in the region), and America works to use it to maintain
its own influence in the Islamic world.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Returning back a bit, we find that from
the beginning of the nuclear talks in 2003 America focused on sanctions
without taking any actual concrete actions against these nuclear facilities, and
frustrated the European Union and outraged the Jewish state, and every
time talks were held America proposed additional sanctions as a solution
to the issue without taking any actual military action. America intervened
repeatedly to calm Israeli "fears", because it wants the Iranian regime
to remain, and for the nuclear issue to remain open so that it does
reach the nuclear bomb threshold and the issue is not resolved at all. America wants it to remain, as we've said, a boogeyman that frightens the
gulf states, and raison d'etre for the continuation of the presence of
American military forces in the Gulf. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGvCt6-vcRBPHx6N5354Skkqk1FhULCzJSeJdtGlttktzzCGgtIGj2l0uqmnAzi3_wxEhtPEIliLK3CyqrikMF0oT-XdpBnrA9aEA1gbpvo4FuPGjCjkdHjCc1sY63R-vhIcxDT5M0V1Q/s1600/IranianBoogieMan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGvCt6-vcRBPHx6N5354Skkqk1FhULCzJSeJdtGlttktzzCGgtIGj2l0uqmnAzi3_wxEhtPEIliLK3CyqrikMF0oT-XdpBnrA9aEA1gbpvo4FuPGjCjkdHjCc1sY63R-vhIcxDT5M0V1Q/s400/IranianBoogieMan.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In addition to American
exploitation, the nuclear issue (as with North Korea) helps to further provide <a href="http://www.globalresearch.ca/shift-in-us-missile-defense-system-aimed-at-control-over-arctic-resources-former-mi5-intelligence-officer/5327426">political cover and justification for the US to push for a missile shield system</a> in Turkey and in central
Europe under the pretext of deterring Iranian nuclear weapons and
protecting it from them. <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/17/us-russia-usa-defence-idUSBRE92G0CU20130317">This is something the Russians have openly said the US is doing</a>. This is on top of a justification for the
increase in the Pentagon's budget to deal with these alleged "threats" as well as the profitable arms sales that the US govt. does in hyping up this "threat" to the Gulf Sheikhdoms.</div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJG-EmB1dUZbW53cjrVebDVeZxeRDjB0UXerZJYV9bAPgXEVqAHiffiXsGeRVSIpJ6tC4hwpARewG8OCbzXB6_iD52oKYTNksdiLLzQ4MbEDwBX7KZ_PwsJvLbcXSshSGYIf-ivvoGcvY/s1600/USA+and+Iran.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJG-EmB1dUZbW53cjrVebDVeZxeRDjB0UXerZJYV9bAPgXEVqAHiffiXsGeRVSIpJ6tC4hwpARewG8OCbzXB6_iD52oKYTNksdiLLzQ4MbEDwBX7KZ_PwsJvLbcXSshSGYIf-ivvoGcvY/s1600/USA+and+Iran.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
6. Threats/Use of Sanctions on Iran</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It could be argued that the threat and use of sanctions by the US Treasury Department is further </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
proof of the animosity of Iran and the US. Again, lets look beneath the surface and see what is<br />
actually happening. Consider the following:</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li>Iran has faced sanctions of one form or another since its creation in 1979. Parts for Iran’s ageing civilian airliners trickle in from the black
market. A host of sanctioned products, from industrial chemicals to
anti-aircraft missiles, come from China. Almost any goods can be found in
Iran, at a price.</li>
<li>Iranian regime insiders, well connected to many of the Mullahs and power brokers in Iran actually profited pretty handsomely from the sanctions: <span style="color: red;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/05/world/middleeast/to-this-tycoon-iran-sanctions-are-like-gold.html?src=me" target="_blank">To This Tycoon, Sanctions on Iran were like Gold </a></span></li>
<li>European companies seem to have no problems getting goods into Iran (and payment out of it) via conducting meetings in Turkey and shipping goods to Dubai:</li>
</ul>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
“<i>Foreign firms are terrified of doing something illegal, but in the end
they are businessmen,” he says. “The Europeans send our cargoes to
Dubai, documented as the final destination. From there we are in
charge.” Amir uses Gulf middlemen to change the documents, for a fee of
3-5%, before the goods are shipped to Bandar Abbas, Iran’s largest port. </i>Source: (<a href="http://www.economist.com/news/business/21574540-how-iranian-companies-manage-keep-trading-foreigners-around-block">Dodging Sanctions in Iran, Economist 3/13/2013</a>)</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>American firms also seem to have little or no problem doing business with Iran (<a href="http://money.cnn.com/2003/05/29/news/iran_sanctions/">using foreign subsidiaries to do so</a>) further<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/14/iran-sanctions-american-brands_n_1884919.html"> Iranians who wish to purchase American goods also seem to still be able to do so</a>. It should be noted that just as making alcohol illegal in the US during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States">Prohibition</a> <a href="http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/prohibition/unintended-consequences/">created a blackmarket for it</a> (which Al Capone helped fill), making it illegal to trade with Iran created a blackmarket that <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/2004/10/09/cheney-pushed-for-more-trade-with-iran/">Dick Cheney and Halliburton certainly had no problem filling </a>(via Canadian and European subsidiaries). <a href="http://www.dailykos.com/story/2010/06/15/876031/-Halliburton-Sold-Nuclear-Tech-To-Iran#">This also involved Halliburton selling Nuclear technology to Iran</a>. Their excuse here:</li>
</ul>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Foreign subsidiaries of American companies can do business with Iran as
long as no Americans participate in or direct that business. Halliburton
says it did not break that law.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>As far as getting oil out from Iran onto the world market, it should be noted from above that Iran is already a member of OPEC and other Western backed financial organizations and instruments which set their market prices not according to actual supply/demand of oil but what promotes "stability" for US/Western economic markets. Further Iran has resorted to <a href="http://articles.latimes.com/2012/sep/10/world/la-fg-iran-sanctions-20120910">using oil to barter for goods/services that it needs for domestic consumption</a>: </li>
<li>To continue selling crude oil to India, Iran is accepting payment in rice, medicine, engineering supplies and steel (Never mind what <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/india-uses-dirty-war-tactics-in-kashmir-1101381.html">India does against the Muslim population in Kashmir</a>)</li>
<li>To
sell to China, its No. 1 customer, Iran is delivering the oil on its
own tankers backed by state insurance, not on the commercial tankers
used in the past.</li>
<li>Japan remains so eager to buy from Tehran that the government in Tokyo
is furnishing the multibillion-dollar marine insurance its ships need to
carry Iranian crude. </li>
</ul>
<div>
Conclusion:</div>
<div>
<span style="text-align: left;">Q1: Are these types and levels of underhanded cooperation to arrive and stay in power (via the "Great Satan") something that is allowed as a political methodology of change in Islam?</span><br />
<span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-align: left;">Also a true Islamic state would never assist in the destruction of another country, especially those with Muslim populations.</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
F. 'Revolutionary' Rhetoric vs. Reality </h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
As for what appears on the surface as animosity between America and Iran, it can be understood as follows:
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1. Both the atmosphere and
public opinion was highly charged against America before and after the Revolution, and America was considered responsible for the suffering of the
people and blamed for its support for the Shah, for his cruelty and oppression,
and was subsequently described as the "Great Satan" because of it. Given all of this, the rulers of Iran
could not directly announce the resumption of talks between the two
sides and afterwards the resumption of diplomatic ties, especially
America's meetings with Khomeini in Paris, and American pressure on the
Iranian military to not intervene against Khomeini's revolution.<br />
<br />
All
this was not a secret, therefore the Iranian regime was in need of
dynamic events with America as justification for sitting with them. So
the hostages' incident took place in the American embassy on 4/10/1979
which resulted in the severing of diplomatic ties between Iran and
America in order to strengthen Khomeini and strike his opposition and
cover the reality of the relationship between the two sides. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Afterwards
American sources mentioned that it was a tidy American theatrical, and
likewise former President Hasan bani Sadr mentioned in the previously mentioned interview
with Al-Jazeera on 12/01/2000 stated that: </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
"<i>there was an agreement with the Americans and of
their planning and he agreed to that <b>after</b> Khomeini convinced him</i>". </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
And
both sides signed what is called the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers_Accords"> Algiers Accords on Jan 20 1982</a>
whereby the hostages were released, and that happened on the day that
the American President Reagan came to power in America, with America
implicitly recognizing the new regime under the leadership of Khomeini
when this agreement ordained the mutual respect by both sides, for
each side to not intervene in the affairs of either side, for the
protection of the interests of both sides by the appointment of a third
party, and lastly, for the return of $12 Billion dollars that the new
regime requested from frozen Iranian assets in the US.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Some of this was ironically enough, revealed in the US press as well, when in 1991 <a href="http://www.amazon.com/October-Surprise-Gary-Sick/dp/0812920872">former Carter and Reagan officials alleged</a> that George H.W. Bush and Ronald Reagan had struck a deal with Khomeini NOT to release the hostages until after Reagan was assured of victory in the US Presidential elections, the so-called "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Surprise_conspiracy_theory">October Surprise</a>" operation. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2. For a long time, Iranian rulers
have worked to foster an atmosphere for the resumption of relations, even though secret communication continued between the US and Iran. <a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/columnists-302684-us-secret-talks-with-iran-over-afghanistan.html">Collaboration had occurred underground</a> and <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Treacherous-Alliance-Secret-Dealings-Israel/dp/0300143117">behind closed doors</a> (usually at side meetings in Summits or via 3rd party countries) as Iranian officials themselves have revealed. The continuation of heated rhetoric and media confrontations (for public consumption) between the two countries benefits both countries; Iran appears as
though it is standing up to America while covering up its own under-the-table dealings and political cooperation
with America in its imperial projects. Iran's hostility can be a contributing
factor to the facilitation of those very same projects. The US in turn, appears publicly hostile to Iran and working against it, all the while using Iran and Iranian actions as an excuse to further deepen its presence in the region, and simultaneously to help limit European and Israeli interests and political actions in the region as well. In the end, public opinion against Iran in America (as well as the West) is deceived to
maintain and achieve American interests in the region. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Some of the rulers that have
attained positions of power have been accused of being agents to America by the
Iranians such as the former President of the Republic Bani Sadr, so he was
overthrown due to the presence of a strong opposition current at the
time against the relationship with America that worked to overthrow him.
Others with more known dealings, <a href="http://www.yourdictionary.com/akbar-hashemi-rafsanjani">such as the former President of the Republic Rafsanjani</a>, whose relationship with
America has been revealed through the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair">Iran-Contra affair</a>, was not
overthrown because such a current did not exist at the time. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Presidents have been punished and described sometimes as "reformers" and
"moderates", and other times as "conservatives" and "radicals", but a change in
the Iranian policy has not been seen despite the harsher tone at times
and lighter tone at other times, and it remains just that -- talk -- not followed
by any concrete actions and not applied in reality. As such, the American stance
toward Iran has not changed despite the toughening of talk at times by
the Republicans and placing it on the list of the so-called "Axis of Evil" and the
softening of talk of "engagement" by the Democrats, but America has not taken any
decisive and serious steps against Iran. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
When the new Iranian President Rouhani
put together the new government he said: "<i>His government will adopt in
its foreign policy the prevention of threats and the elimination of
tensions</i>" (<a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/12/us-iran-rouhani-idUSBRE97B09S20130812">Reuters 8/12/2013</a>). He chose "Muhammad Jawad Zarif for
the position of foreign minister, who was the former ambassador to the
United Nations, was educated in the United States, and was an
essential participant in rounds of secret negotiations that attempted to
overcome the decline in relationship between Washington and Tehran"
(<a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/29/us-iran-ministers-idUSBRE96S0FM20130729">Reuters 07/29/2013</a>). Rouhani more frankly announced after the elections
when he said: </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
"<i>We do not wish to see an increase in tensions between
Iran and the United States. Wisdom tells us that both countries need to
think more about the future and try to sit down and find solutions to past issues and
rectify things</i>" (<a href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/17/world/meast/iran-rouhani-news-conference">CNN 6/17/2013</a>). </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The White House replied to him saying: </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
"<i>The United States is still
prepared to engage in talks directly with the Iranian government with
the goal of reaching a diplomatic solution that deals fully with the
international community's concern over Iran's nuclear program</i>" (same
source), </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
which means that Iran wants to end the era of secretly working with America, and begin a new era of openly working with
it, but with different forms so it will appear as though it is an
influential state regionally that commands involvement in regional
affairs.</div>
</div>
<ol>
</ol>
<ul>
</ul>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">G. Conclusion</span></h2>
The matter of doctrine that Iran has specified as official doctrine for
the regime, it has not specified it as a message or project it carries,
and it has not established its regime on this doctrine, nor has it
adopted its constitution or its articles based on it.
Instead, the central articles that pertain to the system of governance, foreign policy, and the issues of military and security is taken
from the capitalist system, so that it resembles the Saudi regime, which
exploits the prevalent doctrine in the land, the Hanbali madhab, to
achieve the interests of the regime.<br />
<br />
As for the foreign policy of Iran,
it is compatible with American interests in the region, and likewise in
the larger Middle East and Islamic lands. For example, Iran helped
Washington to realize the continuation of the American occupation of
Iraq and Afghanistan over the past decade or so; by way of its
Hezbollah subsidiary in Lebanon, it has redrawn the political landscape conducive to American interests in Lebanon. Iran has collaborated to maintain U.S. hegemony in Syria by way
of supporting Assad. Thus, Iran works in Afghanistan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq to serve American interests.<br />
<br />
As for outside the region
it can be said that America has succeeded in exploiting Iran's conduct
to promote its own missile shield program and tying the Gulf Cooperation
Council into unbalanced security agreements, as well as in the
selling billions of dollars in weapons to Gulf states out of fear of Iran.<br />
<br />
It is our hope here at iSiyasah that those who read through blogpost can put aside partisan thoughts, sectarian emotions, and blatant nationalism; and instead, carefully read through all of the links
with an open mind and make strong attempts to refer everything back to the Quran and
Sunnah <a href="http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/whydivided.htm" target="_blank">(as Muslims are called to do when in dispute</a>) in order to
understand just what is the criterion we are to refer to and how/why <span class="highlight">Iran,</span> like other claimants before it -- is far from anything Islamic. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080420114911/http://www.islamic-world.net/islamic-state/assessing_consti.htm" target="_blank">This site </a>also gives an excellent summary and analysis of why the constitutions other countries such as <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/30/sudan.usa" target="_blank">Sudan</a>, <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AWOHnQCrrpyaJ1gcyvmi-Kax7hyq933iLfoWC2FthBs/edit" target="_blank"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="http://islamicsystem.blogspot.com/2007/07/is-saudi-arabia-state-of-islam-or-kufr.html" target="_blank">Saudi Arabia</a>, the <a href="http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/sites/default/files/images/caption/8181.jpg" target="_blank">Taliban</a>, and <a href="http://albasairislamicmedia.wordpress.com/2012/07/23/nationalism-since-the-dismantlement-of-the-khilafah-state-in-1924/" target="_blank">other Gulf Countries</a> are also wholly secular, subservient to imperial/colonial powers, and simply use Islam and Islamic laws as slogans to fool their own masses. The subsequent political actions that these states have undertaken have already spoken
and validated this.<br />
<br />
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Lastly, the most blatant and obvious reason how this can be ascertained
is by speaking with Iranian people themselves. Just as the strength of the roots of any tree or plant can be seen by the fruits it yields, Iranian citizens - be they Shi'ite or Sunni, religious or secular, rural or urban -- are united in opposition and
hatred of their government. Periodic crackdowns (and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_presidential_election,_2009" target="_blank">rigged elections notwithstanding</a>) nothing will change this fact. Those who wish to learn
just how "<span class="highlight">Islamic</span>" a nation or its system is should sit down and talk with a citizen of that <span class="highlight">state</span> who has directly lived under it to ascertain just as much.<br />
<br />
Insha-allah the truth will prevail and falsehood will perish.<br />
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Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-55057777264875372013-09-09T15:19:00.003-04:002021-05-23T17:37:50.739-04:0020 Questions for Hamza Yusuf & His Followers (1/2)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">War Criminal Sitting with American "Muslim" Celebrity Imam along with other American made commodities</td></tr>
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America Exports a lot of cultural garbage in the name of globalization/capitalism to the rest of the world. Everything from cheaply manufactured pop 'music' acts (boy/girl bands, Britney Spears, etc), to McDonalds/fast food, to trashy 'reality' TV shows, to cheaply made plastic toys, to pornography -- if there is a way to monetize behavior in the name of profits and new markets, the tools and levers of capitalism are there to help commoditize human experience.<br />
<br />
To this disposable scrap heap, should be added the new US Government made version of "American" Islam. It's chief principal spokesperson or BritneySpears-like pinup namely being (self-styled) "Sheikh" Hamza Yusuf [Mark Hanson], pictured at Bush's post 9/11 speech above) <br />
<br />
This un-elected, media anointed "spokesperson"for Muslims, like any media celebrity, comes with his own fawning entourage, many of whom would sell their souls just to bask in his presence. In an attempt to help clarify where reality/truth begin and where the celebrity/fantasy world ends, consider this blog post a very humble request for "Sheikh" Hamza Hanson & his followers to get a reality check. To that end, here are 20 questions (which can be answered in any order) that we have helped compile over the years at iSiyasah that can help expedite the process:<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<h3>
<b><u>Pre-9/11</u></b></h3>
<br />
1. On June 9th 2001 you, "Sheikh" Hamza gave<a href="http://hamzayusuf.faithweb.com/others/American_Muslim_hour.html" target="_blank"> an interview to the IIS</a> (American Muslim Hour) Program in which you claimed the following:<br />
<ul>
<li>The majority of the US Constitution is Islamic </li>
<li>That when you spoke to a Moroccan 'alim, the 'alim said that if Buddhist teachings were applied, we would be
closer to Islam</li>
<li>You also said that those who want to establish an Islamic society are necessarily talking about a "utopian" society. </li>
</ul>
As you can imagine, this gives rise to 3 questions amongst us:<br />
Q. Was the US constitution still 'Islamic' when Rodney King's torturers were found not guilty?<br />
How about when Trayvon Martin's murderer George Zimmerman walked scot free as well?<br />
Q2. Do you and this Moroccan "alim" consider those same Buddhist teachings currently put into<br />
practice by <a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/06/27/burma-s-rohingya-muslims-targeted-by-buddhist-mob-violence.html" target="_blank">Buddhists in Burma against the Rohingya</a> closer to Islam than Islam itself?<br />
Q3. Did Muhammad (SaW) establish an Islamic society in Medina? Was this also "utopian" (in<br />
your view) for him to do so? <br />
<br />
2. Pre-9/11, on Sept 7, 2001 You gave <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AX8ck7jjtU&html5=1" target="_blank">this lecture</a> and claimed that Islam was/is at war with Secularism. Do you still stand by that now? (See Question#20 for why) Which of your 2 contradicting statements should we take at face value here?<br />
<br />
<h3>
<u><b>Post 9/11:</b></u></h3>
<br />
3. Let's start with the uncomfortable elephant in the room, when you were introduced to America by the political establishment as our first celebrity Imam, coming to lend legitimacy to Bush in his war on Islam, err "War on Terrorism". To those too young to remember, a refresher (start watching at 29:37):<br />
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Keeping in mind what Imam Abu Hanifah said:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
“<i>If you see the scholar at the gate of the ruler then accuse him in his deen</i>”</blockquote>
<br />
Can you please explain:<br />
<br />
A. How is it considered "naseeha" when you are giving counsel to a murderer of Muslims? To quote the <a href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-475201.html" target="_blank">Washington Post on October 2, 2001</a>:<br />
<br />
"<i>That day Yusuf was at the White House, the <b>only</b> Muslim in a group of
religious leaders invited to pray with President Bush, sing "God
Bless America," and endorse the president's plans for military
action</i>."<br />
<br />
B. How did this subsequently make you an "Advisor" to George W. Bush, as you insisted the BBC<br />
introduce you as such following this encounter?<br />
C. How do you square your actions above, with what US counter-terrorism advisor, Richard Clarke<br />
testified to at the 9/11 commission, <a href="http://articles.latimes.com/2004/mar/20/world/fg-clarke20" target="_blank">that George W. Bush & Rumsfeld on 9/12 wanted to blame this on Saddam Hussain and use that as a pretext for invading Iraq</a><br />
<br />
D. Despite your "advising" this is what a <a href="http://www.crosswalk.com/1273481/" target="_blank">Conservative activist had to say</a> about meeting you and<br />
other Muslims after 9/11: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">"I can say with certainty that [the president] knows
what the real score is," Weyrich says. "He feels he has to say these
things -- and maybe if you and I were president, we'd have to do the
same thing."</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> Weyrich says if the president actually declared that
America is in a war against Islam, there might be more Muslims taking up
arms against the U.S. -- a "real jihad," as he puts it. So Bush,
according to Weyrich, is soft-peddling his rhetoric in order to "tamp
down" any worldwide activity that might occur.
</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">"I know the president has to say certain things -- and
I understand that," the conservative icon says, "but I also know that
he doesn't believe it."</span></blockquote>
<br />
E. After the criticism you received after this event, if you and (some of) your followers consider this episode a "mistake" why is it <a href="https://sandala.org/blog/ten-years-later-reflections-on-my-post-9-11-interview-with-richard-scheinin-in-the-san-jose-mercury-" target="_blank">you still can't find the time to apologize for your own behavior</a> of that time nor that of the administration for whom you gave support for during this event?<br />
<br />
4. 3 days after this grand spectacle with "<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ek2TpgZ7SqU" target="_blank">Sheikh" George W. Bush,</a> you gave an interview with Michael Enright on the Canadian Broadcast Company (CBC) Sunday September 23rd, 2001. The highlighted portions of the interview with questions regarding your statements in it are <a href="http://hamzayusuf.faithweb.com/interviews_hamza.htm" target="_blank">here</a>. It is filled with so many inaccuracies, mistranslations, and outright mistakes that it would merit a separate blogpost here all by itself!<br />
<br />
Please get back to us if you or your followers decide to answer and hold yourself accountable for any of your words and statements in it.<br />
<br />
5. Given your post-9/11 histrionics and behavior, just some related questions:<br />
A. Do you consider yourself to be "Patriotic" and a "proud" nationalistic American? Especially<br />
given the imperial actions of America (invading Iraq & Afghanistan) in the Muslim World post<br />
9/11?<br />
B. Are nationalism and patriotism sentiments, thoughts, and ideas that are compatible with Islam?<br />
<a href="http://www.zawaj.com/editorials/nationalism_ahmed.html" target="_blank">Here</a> and <a href="http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/Nationalism.htm" target="_blank">here</a> (along with this photo below) are some things to help you to grasp this issue:<br />
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<br />
6. Again, post 9/11 in your lecture entitled "<a href="http://muslimcanada.org/hijabthesedays.html" target="_blank">The Question of Hijab these days</a>" you said this:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"..<i>Islam is an intelligent religion.<b> The laws are there to serve
human beings; we are <u>not</u> there to serve the law. </b>We are there to serve
Allah, and <b>that is why whenever the law does not serve you, you are
permitted to abandon it</b>, and that is actually following the law. That is
where the confusion lies because people do not realize that. <b>The law is
for our benefit, not for our harm. Therefore, if the law harms us, we
no longer have to abide by it.</b>You cannot worship the sacred law because
the law is there to serve you; it is for your maslaha, your benefit, and
that is our fiqh</i>."</blockquote>
The question here is rather simple:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
If Islam by its very essence means peace attained through <b>submission</b> to God, how is one to attain that (using your definition above) if he/she makes their <i>own</i> desires their Lords? More to the point, if it is not in the benefit/<i>maslaha</i> of someone (Muslim or Non-Muslim) to practice something mandated by Islam and laws are subservient to us as human beings then why even be a Muslim?</blockquote>
Moreover, rather unknown to most, there was a girl who took your advice on this issue (removing<br />
her hijab post 9/11) and still got raped in New York, do you care to comment on that?<br />
<br />
7. Given your grandstanding and racist calls to the British/American establishment here:<br />
"<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/08/religion.uk" target="_blank">If you Hate the West, Emigrate to a Muslim Country</a>" We believe that this racist nonsense of yours<br />
was pretty well refuted by Jamshed Bokhari at the time <a href="http://hamzayusuf.faithweb.com/others/white.html" target="_blank">here</a>:<br />
<br />
"<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The most offensive part of the article, however, did not come from Sullivan, but from </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Yusuf himself. Addressing a question
concerning "British [Muslim] extremists" and </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> criticism against them that they "have not been loud enough in
condemnation" of the </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> September 11 attacks - a false assertion in the first place - Yusuf said, "I would say to </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> them that
if they are going to rant and rave about the West, they should emigrate to a </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Muslim country….In the minds of many, such assertions conjure up visions of pick-up </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> driving, Confederate battle flag waving, bad haircut, good ole
boys, yelling "America: </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> love it or leave it" followed immediately by the
spitting out of that ever so attractive </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> chunk of
chewing tobacco with an occasional "Yee haw" added in for color. </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> And does this criticism of "British extremists" also apply to American Muslim critics of </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> unfolding events? Does that
also mean that non-Muslim Americans who disagree with </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> U.S. government policy should go somewhere else as well?<br /> </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Valid points concerning the current state of affairs within the Muslim
world made by </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Yusuf, specifically that some Muslims are in
denial over the events of September 11 and </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> are developing conspiracy
theories, or of Islam's current theological shallowness, were </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> overshadowed by the assertion that they should emigrate to Muslim
countries, a </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> statement that reeks of a patriotic jingoism better
left for anti-Muslim bigots. </span></i><br />
<br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> And this is the person presently advising U.S. President George W. Bush
concerning the </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> state of affairs within the American Muslim
community. It is not bothersome that an </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> American Muslim should be
advising the administration, but it should be someone less </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> controversial and one who makes less vitriolic statements concerning his
fellow </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> believers. This is aside from the fact that Yusuf
was not elected by any Muslim to be </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> their representative to the
President.</span></i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><b>Anyone, and especially a Muslim in North America who counters any opinion I, as </b></span></i><i style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><b>a Muslim "darkie" may have in opposition to any U.S. Government policy (whether </b></span></i><i style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><b>it be tax cuts for the wealthy, racial profiling, the curtailing of constitutionally </b></span></i><i style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><b>mandated civil rights, or even yes, foreign policy) by saying I should go </b></span></i><i style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><b>somewhere </b></span></i><i style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><b>else if I don't like this or that policy certainly does NOT represent me.</b>"</span></i></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10pt;">A. Again, do You ("Sheikh" Hamza) care to comment on any of this?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;">B. If not, then why did you scream like a coward at <a href="http://www.insidebayarea.com/oaklandtribune/ci_2527182" target="_blank">your own subsequent treatment by US Border Patrol </a>following your speech at the Toronto "Reviving the Islamic Spirit" <strike>summit of hot air</strike> Conference? Why couldn't you take your own advice on this issue and if you didn't like your treatment by ICE or US Customs, choose to permanently emigrate and stay in Toronto? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: small;">Questionable Political Agenda</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;">8. This then leads to even more disturbing questions. You see most of Hamza Yusuf's actions certainly are not happening in a vacuum or isolated cases of being misquoted or </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;">"out of context" but have happened and are happening against a backdrop in which the US government (led by Neo-Conservatives in the US and UK) are making an active effort to change Islam to suit US Imperial dictums. The US Govt is backing this up with not only political muscle but lots of government money. This is not something that was kept secret but publicly announced by different media. Some samples:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;">A. <span id="goog_1269582865"></span><a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/584/hearts-minds-and-dollars" target="_blank">Hearts, Minds, & Dollars - In an Unseen Front on the War on Terrorism, America is </a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/584/hearts-minds-and-dollars" target="_blank">Spending Millions to Change the Very Face of Islam</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><span id="goog_1269582866"></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Article outlined how 3 different US Govt Agencies </span>Conferenced on promoting moderate "Sufi"<br />
Muslims in preparation for the invasion of Iraq and EXPLICITLY said that they must change<br />
Islam to fit this new political imperial reality.<br />
<br />
B. <a href="http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1716.pdf" target="_blank">RAND Report: Civil Democratic Islam</a> 3/18/2004<br />
(Author, Cheryl Benard is wife of US Afghan Neo-Con Warlord <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Zalmay_Khalilzad" target="_blank">Zalmay Khalilzad</a>)<br />
Policy Recommendations:<br />
<ul>
<li> <span style="color: #6666cc;">Support the modernists first.</span>
<span style="color: #6666cc;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #6666cc;"> Support the traditionalists against the fundamentalists</span>
<span style="color: #6666cc;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #6666cc;"> Promoting Sufism </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #6666cc;"> Confront and oppose the fundamentalists.</span>
<span style="color: #6666cc;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #6666cc;"> Selectively support secularists. </span> </li>
</ul>
"Support the traditionalists against the fundamentalists:<br />
—Publicize traditionalist criticism of fundamentalist violence and extremism;<br />
encourage disagreements between traditionalists and fundamentalists.<br />
— Discourage alliances between traditionalists and fundamentalists.<br />
— Encourage cooperation between modernists and the traditionalists who are closer to the<br />
modernist end of the spectrum.<br />
—
Where appropriate, educate the traditionalists to equip them better for
debates against<br />
fundamentalists. Fundamentalists are often rhetorically
superior, while traditionalists practice a<br />
politically inarticulate
“folk Islam.” In such places as Central Asia, they may need to be<br />
educated and trained in orthodox Islam to be able to stand their ground.<br />
— Increase the presence and profile of modernists in traditionalist institutions." <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2007/RAND_MG574.pdf" target="_blank">RAND Report: Building Moderate Muslim Networks</a><br />
Policy Recommendations:<br />
<br />
"The report recommends targeting five groups as potential building blocks
for networks: liberal<br />
and secular Muslim academics and intellectuals;
young moderate religious scholars; community<br />
activists; women's groups
engaged in gender equality campaigns; and moderate journalists and<br />
scholars.<br />
As America learned during the Cold War, moderate groups
can lose credibility – and therefore,<br />
effectiveness – if U.S. support
is too obvious. Effective tactics that worked during the Cold War<br />
include having the groups led by credible individuals and having the
United States maintain some<br />
distance from the organisations it supports.<br />
“This
was done by not micro-managing the groups, but by giving them enough
autonomy,” Rabasa<br />
said. “As long as certain guidelines were met, they
were free to pursue their own activities.” To<br />
help start this
initiative, the report recommends working toward an international
conference<br />
modeled in the Cold War-era Congress of Cultural Freedom, and
then developing a standing<br />
organisation to combat radical Islamism." <br />
<br />
* It should be noted that RAND is not just some run-of-the-mill think-tank, but one intimately<br />
connected with the Neo-Conservative, project which sees America as an everlasting Empire, very<br />
well documented in this book <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Soldiers-Reason-Corporation-American-Empire/dp/0156033445" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
<br />
C. <a href="http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2004/06/musl-j03.html" target="_blank">Blair Government's Strategy to Police British Muslims Leaked</a>:<br />
<br />
"The government also intends to “promote awareness” of foreign-based
imams, including <b>Hamza</b><br />
<b> Yusuf</b>, Suhaib Webb, and Tariq Ramadan. Yusuf, 45
(born Mark Hanson), is an 'adviser' to US<br />
President George W. Bush and has
been described in the media as the “rock star of the new<br />
Muslim
generation.” He recently completed a lecture tour of the UK, which
included an<br />
appearance on BBC television’s “Question Time” programme.<br />
<br />
Our simple question to you is where you personally a recipient of any of this money for this purpose? Is the IRS aware of this? We know that your British lackeys and stooges (especially those connected to the "Radical Middle Way") were and are government welfare queens in the UK:<br />
<br />
i. ”<i>The Radical Middle Way initiative has received funding
totaling £350,000, of which £250,000 was provided by the Foreign and
Commonwealth Office and £100,000 by Home Office."<br />
</i><br />
<br />
source: <a href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061204/text/61204w0034.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061204/text/61204w0034.htm</a><br />
<br />
and you defended them for taking government money <a href="http://www.radicalmiddleway.org/media/from-protest-to-engagement/9" target="_blank">here</a>. Despite your own previous statement on the exact same action when it applied to Wahabis taking money from the <b>government</b> of Saudi Arabia implied at the keynote speech you gave at the ISNA convention in Rosemont, IL in 2006:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #5b5b58; display: inline; float: none; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> "<i><span style="font-size: small;">Do not to take any money from foreign governments while building masjids or for Islamic organizations as this creates “a cycle of dependency”.</span></i></span></span></blockquote>
9. This then leads to more questions regarding your relations with the UK govt, specifically at events hosted by former British PM and war criminal Tony Blair. (For a background on why Tony Blair should be indicted for war crimes please read <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-1231540/Why-I-believe-Blair-stand-trial--face-charges-war-crimes.html" target="_blank">here</a> and <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/19/opinion/iraq-war-bush-blair" target="_blank">here</a>). Could you explain how it is that you were actually invited to share a stage with Tony Blair at the "Malaria No More" event here:<br />
<br />
A. <a href="http://pmunadebate.blogspot.com/2008/10/smiling-with-war-criminal-and-war.html" target="_blank"> Smiling with a War Criminal and the War Criminal Smiling Back</a><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAOBq5JJ9QsGtIN52_MWQ4SeugegL9r-878-rlsTzB2IBwifHIZ4TI1E3l5Yn1B8_hETw2ISQJR_1e3dgX27qsMmDNOXFfpmD9rSg0jKL9lVozWzgyzU7R6Qi-no5hlGGRrUtbWGNyQkA/s1600/s_crime.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAOBq5JJ9QsGtIN52_MWQ4SeugegL9r-878-rlsTzB2IBwifHIZ4TI1E3l5Yn1B8_hETw2ISQJR_1e3dgX27qsMmDNOXFfpmD9rSg0jKL9lVozWzgyzU7R6Qi-no5hlGGRrUtbWGNyQkA/s400/s_crime.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
10. Moreover, could you kindly explain to us whether you were "tricked" "deceived" or simply "forgot" that you would be sharing a stage with Tony Blair at this event? You see <a href="http://pmunadebate.blogspot.com/2008/09/zaid-shakir-on-hamza-yusuf.html" target="_blank">Zaid Shakir's story has changed so many times</a> on the explanation of that day and event that we simply lost count and thought we'd ask you directly. Could you also comment on why is it that <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/sep/02/desmond-tutu-tony-blair-iraq" target="_blank">Desmond Tutu refused to share a stage</a> with Tony Blair but you somehow could find a way to do so? We are reminded of Tutu's own quote here:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih5cShbmdSlmIxVPTN3a_pupFrGKTwpsyM_LCJ0Rw7Gm8ZIBewsRSyAa2UFHZIrX3S4uG4115vR8uXiIelrJAgYxy1mcy4v4PqxCzqi629CnkxxFH1W5gGAeo74OuoxHda0QzyMWlWM48/s1600/injusticeneutral2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih5cShbmdSlmIxVPTN3a_pupFrGKTwpsyM_LCJ0Rw7Gm8ZIBewsRSyAa2UFHZIrX3S4uG4115vR8uXiIelrJAgYxy1mcy4v4PqxCzqi629CnkxxFH1W5gGAeo74OuoxHda0QzyMWlWM48/s320/injusticeneutral2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
(End of Part I, <a href="http://www.isiyasah.com/2013/10/20-questions-for-hamza-yusuf-his.html" target="_blank">Continued in Part II</a>)</h3>
Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-5250350315993802872013-08-04T14:41:00.002-04:002021-05-23T17:38:24.269-04:00The Return of Mubarek's Children <h1 class="posttitle" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.75em; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 31px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
</h1>
<br />
<h3>
(re-blogged from Brother Abdullah al Andalusi's blog <a href="http://abdullahalandalusi.com/2013/07/29/the-return-of-mubaraks-children/" target="_blank">here</a>):</h3>
<br />
<section class="entry" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<a href="http://abdullahalandalusidotcom.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/egypt-cabinet.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="egypt-cabinet" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-1375" src="http://abdullahalandalusidotcom.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/egypt-cabinet.jpg?w=300&h=225" height="225" style="border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 4px; display: block; float: left; height: auto; margin: 5px 15px 10px 5px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; padding: 0px;" width="300" /></a>The children of Mubarak have returned.</div>
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It would be foolish to believe that Mubarak spent 30 years of ruling without permeating every facet of Egyptian bureaucracy, media and economy with like minded people. Of course, the people are not devotees to the cult of Mubarak, but they are old guard Secular Nationalists from the post-colonial era of the 1950s in the Muslim world. These are known in Egypt as the <i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">‘felool’.</i></div>
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They have made their nation their idol, and view religion and politics to be separate things, albeit with a few cultural values left to placate the Muslim masses. Mubarak was from that era, and was a product of it.</div>
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But after being forced to retire their former frontman Mubarak, due to popular protests, and grudgingly accepting elections that, despite their best efforts, saw the victory of Mohammed al Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood (MB), the Secular Nationalists have risen again.</div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
But how did they return? Simple, they never left.<br />
<a name='more'></a>The Army, the Interior ministry, the Judiciary and the media were all under safe ‘lock and key’ by thousands of Secular Nationalists.</div>
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Therefore, the aftermath of the election victory by Morsi was easily controlled by them. They limited his power and ensured that the main ministries (energy, oil, justice and the interior) were so hard to govern, the services were brought to a virtual standstill. This was of course, part of a simple (and not surprising) plan to make the Egyptian people regret their choice.</div>
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Energy deliveries went missing, mysterious armed gangs attacked supplies, felool managers neglected their work, workers were encouraged to go on strikes, or do work at a slow pace - and consequently the people experienced massive supply disruption.</div>
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Throughout 2012 to 2013, the media and ‘underground’ (but curiously very well funded and public) ‘rebellion’ groups incited near constant, and in many cases violent, anti-Morsi demonstrations. These had the effect of causing near constant disruption to the Egyptian economy and daily life. The Police were strangely nowhere to be seen for most of the time.</div>
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The Interior ministry (who controls the police), vacillated between being completely negligent, and on the odd occassion, brutal (though not as much as they could under Mubarak or SCAF). This had the effect drastically reducing security on the streets, causing a public perception of lawlessness, while at the same time allowing the occasional news story of police brutality to be seized upon to put Morsi in a bad light. The propaganda against him became so ridiculous, that if it were true, it would make Morsi the first man in history to create a police state, with no police!</div>
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The public Police presence was nothing like their presence before Morsi; they allowed MB offices to be burnt, and even the presidential palace to be attacked. It got so bad, the MB had to create their own civilian protection force just to protect their offices. Of course, the Felool/Liberal media were just waiting to use this as an example of Morsi becoming ‘tyrannical’ and attempting to ‘dominate egypt’ with his own ‘militia’.</div>
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The only people Morsi could trust were the MB members (and some allies), and so the only way for him to make any improvement against the constant disruption to services by the Mubarak old guard, was to appoint MB members and allies to positions of power within the Egyptian civil service. Again, this was seized upon by the Mubarak old guard and the Liberals as more ‘proof’ that Morsi was trying to take more power for himself. Of course, they could criticise him for the rapidly declining services if he did nothing.</div>
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The Judiciary consistantly challenged the MB and Islamic candidates, by disqualifying the top two, the MB election candidate Khairat al-Shater (a successful businessman, and relatively charismatic leader), and Hazem Abu Ismael, a strong Salafi and anti-american, but curiously they were happy to let through the uncharismatic, and politically inexperienced back-up MB candidate, Morsi, who they knew wouldn’t be as effective. The evidence for this can be seen when we consider that Shater was disqualified for falling foul of a law requiring an absence of being in jail 6 years prior to the election, but Morsi wasn’t – despite being sprung from jail in 2011, and hadn’t even finished his sentence!.</div>
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The Judiciary then ordered the dissolution of the fairly-elected (and MB/Nour Party majority) People’s Assembly, and continued to oppose Morsi at <a href="http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/06/29/timeline-of-morsi-and-the-judiciary-one-year-in-power/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">every turn</a>. The Mubarak-era judiciary even (to no surprise) <a href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/72069/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-court-acquits--policemen-in-Jan--killing-of-.aspx" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">acquited their fellow felool in the police accused of attacking protestors in the 2011 ‘revolution’</a>, but Morsi <a href="http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/police-acquitted-killing-revolution-protesters" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">got the blame </a>by the victims families and the media for not prosecuting the accused. Again, to get any work done, he had to take enough powers for himself to do so – which of course, meant getting depicted as an aspiring dictator by the Felool/Liberal media for his troubles. His later attempts to fire 3000 members of the Judiciary were also quashed by Felool/Liberal media incited ‘outrage’. There was no winning for Morsi here.</div>
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Of course, while the media attacks on Morsi were permitted, the judiciary didn’t tolerate any criticism of itself, and demanded the prosecution of some journalists and politicians for<a href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/63608/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-blogger-Alaa-Abdel-Fattah-accused-of-insu.aspx" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">‘insulting the judiciary’</a>.</div>
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Despite the many compromises Morsi did with the Army, USA, the Secularists and the Christians, any hint of laws sympathetic to Islam was outright rejected and resisted. It was as if the MB and Salafi majority were only allowed to contribute laws which the small Secular minority approves of. When the Secularists didn’t get their way (which was 100% of their way), they walked out of the drafting of the constitution (yes, all 11 of them – out of 100 ELECTED members). Secularists claim that people may say that having a constitution based upon Islam would not represent the 10% Christian minority. But curiously, none of the Secularists in France argue that the French constitution does not have any representation for the 10% Muslim minority there!</div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
Western Democracies do not allow their people to choose the ideology of the state, or even make major changes to the constitution – once Secular Liberalism gets into power, the people are only allowed to choose the leader. That, in of itself is not a problem, but Liberals demonstrate their hypocrisy when they accuse ‘Islamists’ for merely desiring the same. At least the ‘Islamists’ (i.e. the modern term for what was called a normal Muslim for the last 1,400 years) gave the people a choice by asking them to elect a committee to write the constitution – which is more than can be said for the current Secularist government of Egypt.</div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
The Egyptian people elected the Egyptian People’s Assembly, which was meant to be their representation in a democracy. But Secularists and Liberals don’t believe in real democracy, and only call for democracy when it suits their interests (i.e. Nationalism and/or Liberalism). And when Democracy fails to give them the result they want, they are perfectly happy to scrap it, use violence and repress others – as the Egyptian coup now incontrovertibly demonstrates - again.</div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
Of course, with regards to Egypt, there was no way Morsi or the MB could win – and this was of course, <i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">the point</i>. Just like what the USA had done to popular Communist president<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Allende#US_involvement" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"> Allende of Chile</a>, Hamas of Gaza, and Prime Minister <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Mossadeq of Iran </a>(who like Morsi, mistakenly believed the U.S. was a quiet supporter to his cause, all the way up until the day the CIA executed the coup!). It is a well known policy of Western Liberal regimes to bring a country that <i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">dares</i> to elect leaders it disapproves of, economically and politically to its knees, then overthrow them – Hamas of course is still a work in progress.</div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
The MB spokesman Gehad mentioned some of these problems that were faced by the MB in Egyptian politics <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jul/26/egypt-general-sisi-warned-violence" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">here.</a></div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
The Liberals (or the second-wave post-colonial Secularists, as I call them), only represent a very small minority in Egypt, reacted fanatically against even the slightest possibility of a return of Islam to holistic implementation. They came to the natural conclusion that they were ideologically closer to the Mubarak-era Secular Nationalist felool, then they were to Muslims who desire a regime that represents the requirements of their belief. And they acted accordingly, joining forces and media resources, to attack Morsi and the MB whenever possible, accusing him of being ‘fascist’ and desiring a totalitarian state like Iran – which is ironic coming from Egyptian secularists and liberals, considering Iran has a better democratic system than Egypt ever had!.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.4em; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">F(el)ooling the Egyptian People</span></h3>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
Of course, the Army were still visible in the public eye until winter 2012, having managed to hold full control over their economic holdings in Egypt (estimated by some to be 40% of the Egyptian economy), and they retained control over all foreign policy matters, and the ARMY reformed SCAF into the National Defence Council (NDC), of which being in a deliberate military majority membership, Morsi was not the controller of.</div>
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They then used their resources to execute a simple plan. The head Tantawi had grown unpopular and outlived his usefulness, so they arranged with Morsi to retire him, and put in place a man that the army had groomed for the position, General Abdel-Fateh Sisi, known for his infamous implementation of <a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-202_162-20074749.html" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">‘virginity tests’</a> on female protestors during SCAF rule. General Sisi had from day one <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/02/general-abdel-fattah-sisi-profile" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">tried to get Morsi’s trust</a>, by claiming he was a ‘pious Muslim’, whose wife ‘wears a face veil’. Morsi was easily fooled and lured into a false sense of security, but whether he was fooled or not would make no different to the SCAF plan. Tantawi would be retired, and the Army would issue a statement that it was receding from politics – yet absolutely nothing would change, except that the Egyptian people (and Morsi) would naively believe that full power now resided in Morsi’s hands.</div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
The fact that the Army always had full control over Egypt was clear when Morsi attempted to opening up diplomatic relations with Iran with the possibility of <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/9353467/Egypts-Mohammed-Morsi-calls-for-closer-Iran-ties.html" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">forging a mutual alliance</a>, and when he promised to help the Muslims of gaza by opening up the Rafah border, but was clearly prevented from achieving anything except goodwill gestures. No sooner had he met with Hamas leaders in summer 2012 to discuss easing the Israeli embargo, then a mysterious attack on Egyptian soldiers occurred in the Sinai, leading the Army to shut down tunnels to Gaza, and the Rafah crossing completely, and launch the heaviest ground assaults against ‘militants in the sinai’ than even under Mubarak. In 2013, when Morsi tried again to open the border crossing, the Egyptian judiciary issued a court order for Morsi to enforce the Egyptian (Mubarak-era) agreement with Israel, and shut down ALL tunnels to Gaza. If Morsi tried to reject the judiciary’s decision, yes you guessed it, he would be accused of believing himself ‘above the law of the land’, by the Secular and Liberal media.</div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
It is no surprise now that the Egyptian media is vilifying Hamas currently, using a series of ridiculous stories, conveniently provided by the Egyptian military. My personal favourite was how they explained the fuel shortages in Egypt under Morsi, by claiming he allegedly was supplying petrol to Gaza – despite the fact that petrol shortages in Gaza were worse than they ever had been after the Army had shut the tunnels! Of course, this false propaganda stories are designed to make the common Egyptian people accept the harsher policy of the current Egyptian regime against the people of Gaza. Surely, the U.S.A has got its money worth from the $1.5 billion it spends on the Egyptian army, a fact conveniently forgotten by the Egyptian people. Naturally Israel is overjoyed at the turn of events, because Mubarak never dared to appear too harsh on the Gazans, for fear of the Egyptian sentiment – but Morsi has proved the perfect scapegoat for the Egyptian military <a href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4409469,00.html" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">turn up the pressure on Hamas</a>, and deliver even better value for money on the U.S. salary it receives. No wonder the <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/25/us-egypt-protests-usa-aid-idUSBRE96O1CH20130725" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">U.S. does not want to call the coup, a coup!</a></div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
All this the military could do, while at the same time blaming a powerless Morsi for it, since he is the one in the spotlight.</div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
The trap was set for Morsi and the MB, and now all that needed to happen was the coup itself.</div>
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The political analyst, Yazid Sayigh impressively seemed to predict a coup as far back as December 2012, article <a href="http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/01/morsi-army-egypt-revolution.html" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">here</a>.</div>
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<span style="color: black; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">A Coup by Any Other Name</span></h3>
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And so the coup did happen, and to demonstrate Egypt’s ‘liberation’ from the ‘tyranny’ of Morsi, they immediately shutdown all sympathetic TV stations to the MB, claiming they were ‘inciting violence’ (what? including Al Jazeera?!).</div>
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All the while, the Liberal and Felool controlled TV stations were allowed to broadcast, with them calling for ‘cleansing the streets’ of the Islamists.</div>
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Almost ‘magically’, the fuel shortage problem was resolved overnight, and the police (who had been mostly absent during Morsi’s rule) all reappeared – many were even seen dancing with the anti-morsi protesters in full uniform!</div>
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Despite leaders of the MB (that could be arrested) being rounded up by the military and police, and despite the Mubarak-era demands by the secularists and Secular Liberals to <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/egypts-liberals-seek-to-ban-political-islamists-from-power-8724765.html" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">ban all political parties based upon religion </a>from taking part in future elections (yes, Liberals – Liberalism is only tolerant of itself), General ‘Virginity Test’ Sisi has made the hilariously strange public ‘call’ to invite the MB to be part of an ‘inclusive’ new political process. Of course, what he means is to telling the counter-coup protestors to stop their demonstrations and acquiesce to the new regime – while of course appearing as a ‘reasonable man’ to the wider public.</div>
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Before the coup, Mubarak himself called for Morsi to step down. But after the coup happened, support came from strange, yet telling places. Saudi Arabia and UAE supported it, Israel’s Benyamin Netanyahu supported it, the USA were silent over it (<a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/17/us-egypt-protests-idUSBRE96E01E20130717" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">but have made veiled comments of support</a>), the EU was relatively permissive of the Egyptian military, and Bashar ul Assad (along with his fellow Secularists in Egypt and worldwide) expressed joy over it, claiming this was a defeat of ‘political Islam’, despite the fact that Morsi’s government didn’t implement a single Islamic law (Assad strangely forgets that Iran, who backs Syria, are also political ‘Islamists’ according to the West).</div>
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But the MB refused to go down without protest, and immediately began peaceful demonstrations and protests to demand the return of Morsi, and the rule of law, and due process. However, they have been met with violent crackdowns, shootings, and masked assailants and Bashar/Ghaddafi-esque massacres of civilians on the streets. Shockingly, this brutal treatment of the MB dissidents is occurring with both the Liberals and the Secularists cheerfully waving it on as ‘necessary in the national/Liberal interest’, or claiming that the Army and Police acted in ‘self-defence’. Of course, what goes forgotten by most of the media and Egyptian public, is that the Army and Police have been using this level of violence before Morsi came to power, under the <a href="http://muftah.org/scaf-crimes-a-timeline/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">SCAF interim rule</a>. And with public support, they are now free to do what they wanted to do for a long time, effectively wipe out the Islamists under the guise of fighting ‘terrorism’. At the moment, only <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/15/us-egypt-protests-army-idUSBRE96E0GS20130715" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">few Egyptians </a> that were against Morsi have woken up to the fact that the regime has returned to being more predisposed to use violence, arbitrary arrest, and summary sentences now, than under Morsi – <a href="http://www.amwalalghad.com/en/news/egypt-news/19401-liberals-in-egypt-embrace-the-military-stifling-doubts.html" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">yet the Liberals and felool ironically accuse Morsi and the MB of being the ‘fascists’</a>.</div>
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Now the MB are deposed, ‘quelle surprise’, they are pushing for Mubarak to be relieved of his sentence due to compassion for his health (aww, poor thing…).</div>
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The children of Mubarak have indeed returned back in the open to control Egypt again under their Secularist regime, and now the Egyptians will suffer the oh so familiar taste of its rancid fruit.</div>
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But before we mistakenly believe that the Egyptian people have all turned Secularist, this is not the case. Muslim Egyptians love Islam, and want Islamic law, but they do not know what it looks like. No one has done a concerted campaign to educate the masses on the political solutions that Islam offers. Nor have they explained how the enlightened system of Caliphate actually works, and how it brings about open intellectual inquiry, justice, progress and unity. The Egyptian people have only ever been taught that Islam is Tawheed (monotheism) and ibadaah (ritual spiritual worships). It is the failure of Muslim dawah carriers (proselytisers) to undo this lingering legacy from the colonial-era’s secularisation of the Muslim mind, that causes this obstacle for the return of the comprehensive way of life that is Islam. Consequently, the ignorance of the Egyptians is such, that even the most pious Egyptians may be amongst the crowd of pro-General Sisi supporters, believing in all innocence, that the MB are a non-Islamic party!</div>
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This is not to mention the media campaign against the MB, which has generated a terrible fanaticism of hatred against them. Most people outside Egypt wouldn’t understand this, since they are reading the news reports with a general emotional detachment that comes with being not being involved with the situation - outside observers see more of the facts than many Egyptians who are emotionally compromised, or personally involved. But this doesn’t mean that the people outside Egypt do not understand what is happening, or are unable to make a clear judgement – just look at the U.S. State Department, and the UK’s Foreign Office who’ve been doing this <i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">successfully</i> for decades.</div>
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The Egyptian people have seen a general degradation of their living standards since well before Mubarak, and saw it fall sharply during the SCAF rule, and even more sharply during Morsi’s rule. They’ve been continuously fed stories by the Liberal and Secularist media (who Morsi DIDN’T suppress under his rule) undermining him and depicting him as a fascist, all the while preparing the Egyptian public for the return of fascism. For what else is fascism but the ideology of the Nation? Fascists are nothing but Secular Nationalists, who make the nation the source of morality under the euphemism, the ‘National Interest’, which serves as the ultimate criteria of the halal (right) and haram (wrong).</div>
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Fascists tend to focus on a particular enemy in their society that should be ‘cleansed’ from their midst. Does not the alarming Secularist and Liberal <a href="http://storify.com/MaxBlumenthal/egyptian-liberals-no-humanity-zone" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">discourses</a> on what should be done to ‘Islamists’ not fit that description? Morsi, far from calling people to attack Christians during his rule, actually called for their defence. Under Morsi’s tenure, a Muslim cleric was <a href="http://www.christianpost.com/news/islamic-cleric-sentenced-to-11-years-for-burning-bible-in-egypt-vows-to-continue-attack-on-church-98257/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">arrested and prosecuted </a>for burning a Bible and insulting the Christian community (something that never happened under Mubarak’s rule!). Yet, the MB are vilified.</div>
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Of course, Morsi didn’t have control over some of the pro-MB, or pro-salafi youth which engaged in violent clashes with other groups, but then again neither did anyone else control their youth. In fact, it is probably because of the MB not being fascist, that they were unable to discipline and control some of their supporters amongst the youth.</div>
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However, the fact remains, that instead of the 2012 ‘revolution’ being the liberation of Egypt from a course heading towards fascism, the Egyptians have instead been ‘liberated’ <i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">from</i> <i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">liberation itself</i>.</div>
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Morsi made mistakes, made compromises with Secularists and the Army in pursuit of a gradualist approach attempting to replicate the successful AKP of Turkey, but he turned out to be a weak leader in a heavily controlled Mubarak-era government. But despite this he, like Allende and Mosadeq, wanted true independence for his county, a ethical and moral foreign policy, and an end to the kind of tyranny that sees arbitrary arrests, torture, civilians killed and fear return to the streets.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.4em; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Cui Bono? (Who Benefits?)</span></h3>
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To truly see who has won and benefited from – and may of been behind – the coup, let us look at the facts of the coup’s results, and ‘score’ who wins and who loses:</div>
<ul style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 15px 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/07/29/egypt-hamas-israel-peace/2587057/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Gazan palestinians crippled now more than ever, during the Mubarak era </a>,</i></li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Egyptian Army now more dependant on U.S.A for international legitimacy,</i></li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"> Possible Egyptian alliance with U.S. arch-enemy Iran, successfully torpedoed,</i></li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">and the further delaying of a <a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-warns-outcome-of-egypt-revolution-could-be-like-iran-s-1.340411" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">feared</a> Islamic revival and united Muslim world.</i></li>
</ul>
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USA: <b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Win</b><br />
Israel: <b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Win</b></div>
<ul style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 15px 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Possible alliance <i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">successfully torpedoed between</i> Saudi Arabia’s arch-enemy, Iran, and its Mubarak-era ally, Egypt, </i></li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">U.S. diplomatic pressure appeased,</i></li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">and a genuine call for Islamic aspirations in the middle east against autocratic rule, suppressed.</i></li>
</ul>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
Saudi Arabia: <b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Win</b></div>
<ul style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 15px 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">The small minority Liberals are finally getting a chance – by undemocratic means – to have power despite, their low support from a relatively religious Egyptian public,</i></li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Islamic inspired gradualist movements demoralised and have been prevented </i><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">from rising in a key Muslim country in the middle east, and more importantly, the suppression of Islam from politics.</i></li>
</ul>
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Egyptian Secular Liberals: <b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">WIn</b></div>
<ul style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 15px 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Arch-enemies Muslim Brotherhood deposed,</i></li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Return to the open for Mubarak-era cronies<i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"> </i>,</li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Increased power for Army,</li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Continuing U.S. pay for the loyalty of the Egyptian Army ,</li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">and a ‘get out of jail free’ card for Mubarak.</li>
</ul>
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Egyptian Secular Nationalists: <b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Win</b>Mubarak: <b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Win</b>Egyptian Army (also Secular Nationalists):<b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"> <b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">WIn Win</b></b></div>
<ul style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 15px 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Iran loses an opportunity to find an ally in the region that could have co-operated with it to resist American Interests in the region.</i></li>
</ul>
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<i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Iran:<b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"> Lose</b></i><br />
<i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"></i></div>
<ul style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 15px 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Gazan palestinians crippled now more than during the Mubarak era, Hamas, the arch-enemy of Israel (and the USA), now without any allies.</i></li>
</ul>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
Gazan Palestinians:<b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"> Lose</b></div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
Hamas:<b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"> lose</b></div>
<ul style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 15px 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Secularist minorities in Muslim world now inspired to public disobedience as a successful methology to impose their will, when democracy fails to delivery what they want (i.e. their way).</li>
</ul>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"></b>Peaceful Muslim groups in the Middle East:<b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"> Lose</b></div>
<ul style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 15px 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Return of (open) Police state to Egypt</li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Return of <b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">unfettered </i></b>U.S.A influence and control upon Egyyt’s foriegn policy</li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Return of suppression of political dissent upon Egyptian citizens</li>
<li style="line-height: 20px; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 10px 48px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">No change in economic system in Egypt</li>
</ul>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
Egyptian People: <b style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Lose Lose</b></div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
The question we have to ask ourselves is, does this score-card look good to you? Is this the score-card we would accept for a truly independent and liberated Egypt?</div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
I didn’t think so either.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.4em; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Painful Lessons </span></h3>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
The Muslim Brotherhood is not completely devoid of blame in this turn of events. Their<a href="http://abdullahalandalusi.com/2013/07/06/the-failure-of-islamic-gradualism/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(184, 184, 184); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1899cb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="The Failure of Islamic Gradualism">gradualist </a>methodology for re-establishing Islam after colonialism has ended up with the public perception against them at an all time low, and pushed back the cause for the return of a holistic Islam, by decades – unless some new (peaceful) stratagem can be enacted.</div>
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By entering into the Secular Democratic process, Morsi was always destined to fail. In fact, even if the MB presidential candidate was a combination of Malcom X, Nelson Mandela, Haroun al Rashid and Salahudeen Ayubi would it have not made a difference; the felool administration and army would have made it impossible to succeed regardless.</div>
<div style="line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
What the MB should have done, is to have started a public and open campaign for the re-establishment of the Islamic state in Egypt, as soon as Mubarak was deposed (or preferably a long time before!). This could have been achieved by a public education initiative through their outlets, followed through by calls for a national debate on the nature of the country and an awareness campaign on the superior political solutions that Islam offers. The MB should also have drawn up a clear and detailed plan of what new institutions they needed to create to implement Islamic laws, policy and progressive solutions to modern problems (like the interest based finance system that has led to the levels of poverty we see in Egypt). If they were clear, open and resolute on this method, demanding power for Islam, not for pragmatic politics, the people would have seen their clear and open stance, and would have realised the need for it.</div>
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It could be argued that if they held this stance, they wouldn’t have been able to be elected, and would have lost the opportunity for power. But how is that different to now? In fact, it is now many times more worse for them. Had a Secularist obtained power after Mubarak, and failed, people would turn more and more to a clear alternative. Now the people believe they have tried the Islamic alternative (again, despite not a single new Islamic law being implemented) and believe it has failed. The general masses in the Muslim world do not fully realise just how imprisoned they are still under the old guard of Egypt. So if they see their lives become worse under a leader, they will blame him, without realising that his is just a puppet, figurehead, and frontman, pushed into the spotlight from behind which, the real power brokers rule quietly behind the scenes.</div>
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The Khilafah (Caliphate) still remains the only untried alternative in the 21st century, and when the Secular nations collapse, either as a result of the natural problems inherent in secularism (e.g. economic, social etc), or due to the work of successful Islamic groups rising to power in Muslim countries, we the Ummah have to be ready to set ourselves on the true course for real liberation – the re-establishment of Islam.</div>
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As for the current situation in Egypt, and the claim that the coup saved Egypt from fascism, consider this: Hitler was a <i style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Secular Nationalist</i>, an ex-military officer who made the State the ultimate idol for Germans, and justified everything he did as being ‘necessary in the national interest’, he never won an election on a slim margin, or was known to make compromises, or be a weak leader, or quietly tolerate minorities. Does his example really fit Morsi? Or does it fit the Secular Nationalist military leader emerging now, who under calls to ‘cleanse the streets’, is killing civilians belonging to dissident groups? The end of democracy in germany, came about not due to grudging election victories by a controversial group, but to rousing applause, celebrations and the popular belief in hope of a better future, under a new ‘saviour’.</div>
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The children of Mubarak have indeed come home, and someone, somewhere in Torah prison outside Cairo, is looking at the news and smiling…</div>
</section>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-26989827096689857922013-08-04T14:35:00.004-04:002021-05-23T17:38:30.824-04:00Moroccan King Pardons Spanish Pedophile<span class="userContent"><span class="text_exposed_show">Just when your imaginations think the client regimes in the Middle East cannot get any lower, one of them pull through and demonstrate that they can.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/03/us-morrocco-spain-protest-idUSBRE97202320130803">http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/03/us-morrocco-spain-protest-idUSBRE97202320130803</a></span></span><br />
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</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-44623923120559257792013-07-28T15:06:00.000-04:002021-05-23T17:38:48.930-04:00Great Interview on NPR with NY Times Correspondent David Kirkpatrick on #EgyptArticle here:<br />
<a href="http://www.npr.org/2013/07/22/203616418/morsis-ouster-in-egypt-a-bookend-for-the-arab-spring">http://www.npr.org/2013/07/22/203616418/morsis-ouster-in-egypt-a-bookend-for-the-arab-spring</a><br />
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Audio here:<br />
<a href="http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=203616418&m=204507375">http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=203616418&m=204507375</a><br />
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Please comment and let us know what you thought about it.Br. Khidrhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05807741613890103186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4567466446435420070.post-89426444816717838422013-07-28T12:39:00.001-04:002013-10-08T23:36:27.644-04:00Inaugural Post<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">At least 120 supporters of </span><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/egypt" style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: collapse; color: #005689; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="More from guardian.co.uk on Egypt">Egypt</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">'s ousted president, </span><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/mohamed-morsi" style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: collapse; color: #005689; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="More from guardian.co.uk on Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">, have been shot dead by security officials in what is the worst state-led massacre in the country since the fall of Hosni Mubarak, according to figures released by Morsi's </span><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/muslim-brotherhood" style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: collapse; color: #005689; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="More from guardian.co.uk on Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">. Earlier reports on Saturday said the death toll had exceeded 136.</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0